Chemistry Chapter 1 Questions with
complete solutions
Explain why the study of chemistry should be important to everyone. (1.1) - answer-
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Chemistry is the study of matter and everything and everyone is made of matter.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Define substance and give two examples of things that are substances. (1.1) - answer-A
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
substance, which is also known as a chemical, is matter that has a definite composition.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Possible examples: table salt and table sugar
v v v v v v v
Describe how the ozone layer forms and why it is important. (1.1) - answer-When
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
oxygen gas (0²) is exposed to ultraviolet radiation in the upper regions of the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
stratosphere, the molecule breaks apart. The individual oxygen particles (O) combine
v v v v v v v v v v v
with other oxygen gas molecules to form ozone (O³). Ozone is important because it
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
forms a protective layer in the atmosphere that protects living organisms from harmful
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
radiation.
v
Explain why chlorofluorocarbons were developed and how they are used. (1.1) - answer-
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Chlorofluorocarbons were developed as a safe alternative to ammonia, a common v v v v v v v v v v
refrigerant. Chlorofluorocarbons are used as refrigerants, in foams, and as propellants
v v v v v v v v v v v
in spray cans.
v v v
Explain If cells have the ability to repair themselves after exposure to UVB, why are the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
increasing levels of UVB in the atmosphere concerning scientists? (1.1) - answer-Cells
v v v v v v v v v v v v
have some ability to repair themselves, but some scientists believe that cells have a limit
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
in the amount of UVB exposure that can be tolerated.
v v v v v v v v v v
Explain why the concentration of CFCs increased in the atmosphere. (1.1) - answer-The
v v v v v v v v v v v v
use of CFCs continued to increase.
v v v v v v
Evaluate why it was important for Dobson's data to be confirmed by satellite photos.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
(1.1) - answer-All scientific hypotheses, tests, experiments, and data must be
v v v v v v v v v v v
independently confirmed to make them valid.
v v v v v v
Explain why there are different branches of chemistry. (1.2) - answer-The study of
v v v v v v v v v v v v
chemistry is a very broad field, so chemists specialize in small areas.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Explain why scientists use mass instead of weight for their measurements. (1.2) -
v v v v v v v v v v v v
answer-Mass is constant regardless of location and is not affected by gravity. Weight
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
varies with gravity.
v v v
, Why is it important for chemists to study changes in the world at a submicroscopic level.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
(1.2) - answer-The changes you see with your eyes begin with changes at the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
submicroscopic level.
v v
Why do chemists use models to study submicroscopic matter. (1.2) - answer-Models
v v v v v v v v v v v
enable chemists to understand difficult concepts that they cannot normally see.
v v v v v v v v v v v
Identify three different models that scientists use and explain why each model is useful.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
v(1.2) - answer-Possible answers: Aircraft models allow scientists to test their designs
v v v v v v v v v v v
vbefore money is spent on the actual aircraft. Computer models of chemical processes
v v v v v v v v v v v v
vallow chemists to test processes before actual manufacturing facilities are built. Car
v v v v v v v v v v v
vmodels allow scientists to test certain features, such as wind resistance, before a car is
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vactually built. v
How would your mass and weight differ on the moon? The gravitational force of the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
moon is one-sixth the gravitational force on Earth. (1.2) - answer-Your mass would be
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the same, but your weight would be 1/6 your weight on Earth.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
If you put a scale in an elevator and weigh yourself as you ascend and then descend,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vdoes the scale have the same reading in both instances? Explain your answer. -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vanswer-As the elevator moves up and down at constant velocity, the reading on the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vscale will be the same as it is when the elevator is stationary. However, during the time
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vthe elevator accelerates upward, the scale reading will be higher, during the time when
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vthe elevator accelerates downward, the scale reading will be lower.
v v v v v v v v v
Explain why scientists do not use a standard set of steps for every investigation they
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
conduct. - answer-The nature of investigations varies a great deal and the steps needed
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
to perform a wide array of investigations must also vary.
v v v v v v v v v v
Give an example of quantitative and qualitative data. - answer-Possible answers:
v v v v v v v v v v
qualitative, silver-colored liquid; quantitative, 5 mL
v v v v v v
You are asked to study the effect of temperature on the volume of a balloon. The
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
balloon's size increases as it is warmed. What is the independent variable? The
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
dependent variable? What factor is held constant? How would you construct a control? -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
answer-Independent variable, the temperature; dependent variable, the size of the
v v v v v v v v v v
balloon; factor held constant, the amount of air in the balloon; control, an identical
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
balloon kept at the original temperature
v v v v v v
Jacques Charles described the direct relationship between temperature and volume of
v v v v v v v v v v
all gases at constant pressure. Should this be called Charles's law or Charles's theory?
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Explain. - answer-It is called Charles's law because it describes a phenomenon that
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
consistently takes place.
v v v
complete solutions
Explain why the study of chemistry should be important to everyone. (1.1) - answer-
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Chemistry is the study of matter and everything and everyone is made of matter.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Define substance and give two examples of things that are substances. (1.1) - answer-A
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
substance, which is also known as a chemical, is matter that has a definite composition.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Possible examples: table salt and table sugar
v v v v v v v
Describe how the ozone layer forms and why it is important. (1.1) - answer-When
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
oxygen gas (0²) is exposed to ultraviolet radiation in the upper regions of the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
stratosphere, the molecule breaks apart. The individual oxygen particles (O) combine
v v v v v v v v v v v
with other oxygen gas molecules to form ozone (O³). Ozone is important because it
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
forms a protective layer in the atmosphere that protects living organisms from harmful
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
radiation.
v
Explain why chlorofluorocarbons were developed and how they are used. (1.1) - answer-
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Chlorofluorocarbons were developed as a safe alternative to ammonia, a common v v v v v v v v v v
refrigerant. Chlorofluorocarbons are used as refrigerants, in foams, and as propellants
v v v v v v v v v v v
in spray cans.
v v v
Explain If cells have the ability to repair themselves after exposure to UVB, why are the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
increasing levels of UVB in the atmosphere concerning scientists? (1.1) - answer-Cells
v v v v v v v v v v v v
have some ability to repair themselves, but some scientists believe that cells have a limit
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
in the amount of UVB exposure that can be tolerated.
v v v v v v v v v v
Explain why the concentration of CFCs increased in the atmosphere. (1.1) - answer-The
v v v v v v v v v v v v
use of CFCs continued to increase.
v v v v v v
Evaluate why it was important for Dobson's data to be confirmed by satellite photos.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
(1.1) - answer-All scientific hypotheses, tests, experiments, and data must be
v v v v v v v v v v v
independently confirmed to make them valid.
v v v v v v
Explain why there are different branches of chemistry. (1.2) - answer-The study of
v v v v v v v v v v v v
chemistry is a very broad field, so chemists specialize in small areas.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Explain why scientists use mass instead of weight for their measurements. (1.2) -
v v v v v v v v v v v v
answer-Mass is constant regardless of location and is not affected by gravity. Weight
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
varies with gravity.
v v v
, Why is it important for chemists to study changes in the world at a submicroscopic level.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
(1.2) - answer-The changes you see with your eyes begin with changes at the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
submicroscopic level.
v v
Why do chemists use models to study submicroscopic matter. (1.2) - answer-Models
v v v v v v v v v v v
enable chemists to understand difficult concepts that they cannot normally see.
v v v v v v v v v v v
Identify three different models that scientists use and explain why each model is useful.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
v(1.2) - answer-Possible answers: Aircraft models allow scientists to test their designs
v v v v v v v v v v v
vbefore money is spent on the actual aircraft. Computer models of chemical processes
v v v v v v v v v v v v
vallow chemists to test processes before actual manufacturing facilities are built. Car
v v v v v v v v v v v
vmodels allow scientists to test certain features, such as wind resistance, before a car is
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vactually built. v
How would your mass and weight differ on the moon? The gravitational force of the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
moon is one-sixth the gravitational force on Earth. (1.2) - answer-Your mass would be
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the same, but your weight would be 1/6 your weight on Earth.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
If you put a scale in an elevator and weigh yourself as you ascend and then descend,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vdoes the scale have the same reading in both instances? Explain your answer. -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vanswer-As the elevator moves up and down at constant velocity, the reading on the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vscale will be the same as it is when the elevator is stationary. However, during the time
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vthe elevator accelerates upward, the scale reading will be higher, during the time when
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vthe elevator accelerates downward, the scale reading will be lower.
v v v v v v v v v
Explain why scientists do not use a standard set of steps for every investigation they
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
conduct. - answer-The nature of investigations varies a great deal and the steps needed
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
to perform a wide array of investigations must also vary.
v v v v v v v v v v
Give an example of quantitative and qualitative data. - answer-Possible answers:
v v v v v v v v v v
qualitative, silver-colored liquid; quantitative, 5 mL
v v v v v v
You are asked to study the effect of temperature on the volume of a balloon. The
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
balloon's size increases as it is warmed. What is the independent variable? The
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
dependent variable? What factor is held constant? How would you construct a control? -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
answer-Independent variable, the temperature; dependent variable, the size of the
v v v v v v v v v v
balloon; factor held constant, the amount of air in the balloon; control, an identical
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
balloon kept at the original temperature
v v v v v v
Jacques Charles described the direct relationship between temperature and volume of
v v v v v v v v v v
all gases at constant pressure. Should this be called Charles's law or Charles's theory?
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Explain. - answer-It is called Charles's law because it describes a phenomenon that
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
consistently takes place.
v v v
