BIOLOGY 102: FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
The corpus luteum: - Correct Answers -is the initial source of progesterone during
pregnancy.
Your lungs are derived from which of the following embryonic germ layers? - Correct
Answers -the endoderm
Infertility of two prospective parents is defined as: - Correct Answers -the inability to
become pregnant after one year of trying.
What structure in a sperm cell contains what might be called "a cap or bag containing
digestive enzymes"? - Correct Answers –acrosome
A population pyramid: - Correct Answers -reflects the number of individuals in various
age groups in a population.
When does the growth rate of a population equal zero? - Correct Answers -when N/K is
one
Population density is determined by the number of: - Correct Answers -individuals of a
species in a given area.
he term [(K-N)/K] influences a population growth curve such that: - Correct Answers -
when N equals K, population growth is zero.
Mutations that cause sickness and death after reproduction: - Correct Answers -can be
passed on to future generations.
After ovulation, approximately halfway through the female menstrual cycle, levels of
progesterone rise sharply. What is the primary function of progesterone at this point in
the menstrual cycle? - Correct Answers -to maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus,
where a fertilized egg can implant
Which type of reproduction is disadvantageous when the environment is ever-
changing? - Correct Answers -Answer a), c), and d) are all disadvantageous.
,The SRY, or sex determining gene, is most noted for: - Correct Answers -causing an
embryo to develop into a boy.
A disadvantage of asexual reproduction is that: - Correct Answers -it results in less
genetic variation in a population.
Which of the following is TRUE about reproductive-related technology? - Correct
Answers -Sperm can be sorted in the laboratory into those containing an X or a Y.
What is the most reliable signal that a woman is about to give birth? - Correct Answers -
dilation of the cervix up to about 10 cm
The formation of a multicellular organism from a fertilized egg is called development.
Development is accomplished through the processes of: - Correct Answers -mitosis and
cytokinesis.
Which of the following statements about sexually transmitted diseases is true? - Correct
Answers -STDs can be transmitted through the mouth or the anus.
During the course of your study of an animal species that alternates between sexually
and asexually reproducing stages, you observe a long period of time during which your
study animals reproduce asexually without any evidence of sexual reproduction. Which
of the following strategies would you first use to attempt to induce sexual behavior? -
Correct Answers -Gradually make the environment less favorable.
Aside from the need to find a partner, which of the following is another major
DISADVANTAGE of sexual reproduction? - Correct Answers -Finding a mate can
consume lots of energy and time.
In humans, as well as mammals, birds, and reptiles, the growing embryo is surrounded
by a water-filled chamber to keep it wet and to provide insulation and protection. What is
this name of the membrane that surrounds this chamber? - Correct Answers -amnion
You are trying to determine whether or not a woman is pregnant based on hormone
levels in her body. Based on what you know about hormone activity in the female
reproductive system, which of the following hormones would be the best indicator of
pregnancy? - Correct Answers -human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
The "toxic semen" found in fruit flies has been discovered to have which of the following
effects? - Correct Answers -Semen from a male fly suppresses further mating in a
female for several days.
Tying off the vas deferens will: - Correct Answers -None of the above.
,The three embryonic germ layers formed during gastrulation are the: - Correct Answers
-ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
Which of the following statements is true about external fertilization in most species? -
Correct Answers -All of the above are true.
What is colostrum? - Correct Answers -the substance that is released when a woman
first begins to lactate
What process allows sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida surrounding the mature egg
just before fertilization? - Correct Answers -sperm bind to the zona pellucida, triggering
the egg response to open its membrane like a gate
During the human menstrual cycle, a sudden increase in which of the following
hormones causes the follicle to rupture, releasing the egg from the ovary? - Correct
Answers -luteinizing hormone
The circular muscle at the opening to the uterus in human females is called the: -
Correct Answers -cervix.
During ovulation in human females, the mature egg is released from the ________,
travels through the ________ where fertilization occurs, and embeds in the ________. -
Correct Answers -follicle, Fallopian tube, uterus
In the process of spermatogenesis shown in the diagram, which is the stage where
sperm FIRST become haploid? - Correct Answers -primary spermatocyte
What is the goal of the reproductive technology-related process known as "sperm
sorting"? - Correct Answers -to increase the chances of having a girl or a boy,
specifically, through ART
For which of the following reasons might a man claim a reasonable legal right to an
embryo produced by fertilizing an egg with his sperm? - Correct Answers -The embryo
contains half of the man's DNA .
Which of the following is located in the testis? - Correct Answers -seminiferous tubules
What triggers the onset of menstruation in women? - Correct Answers -falling levels of
estrogen and progesterone in the bloodstream
In which stage in embryonic development are the germ layers created? - Correct
Answers -gastrulation
Sperm are produced in the _______ and stored in the ________. They then travel into
the penis through the ________ and are ejaculated through the ________. - Correct
Answers -seminiferous tubules; epididymis; vas deferens; urethra
, In what way does egg production differ from sperm production in humans? - Correct
Answers -Each egg is considerably larger than a sperm.
Which of the following is a known evolutionary adaptation arising from sperm
competition? - Correct Answers -Both a) and b) are known evolutionary adaptations
arising from sperm competition.
Prior to fertilization, the pathway traveled by sperm through the female reproductive
system is: - Correct Answers -vagina, cervix, uterus, Fallopian tube.
The part of the uterus that sloughs off at menstruation is a portion of the: - Correct
Answers -endometrium.
The acrosome of the sperm: - Correct Answers -carries the enzymes that help digest
the exterior coats of the egg.
Which three sets of accessory glands add secretions to the semen in human males? -
Correct Answers -the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands
Why are STDs nearly impossible to eradicate from the population? - Correct Answers -
Infected people are often asymptomatic and all partners have to be treated
simultaneously to prevent re-infection.
Contraception usually involves one of three methods. What are these three? - Correct
Answers -preventing fertilization, preventing implantation, preventing ovulation
Which of the following is NOT generally correct about the difference between egg and
sperm in sexually reproducing animals? - Correct Answers -Eggs have more
chromosomes than do sperm.
Which STDs can be treated with antifungal suppositories or creams? - Correct Answers
-yeast infections
Most of the "eggs" in the ovary are arrested as ________ in the process of oogenesis
when a female reaches puberty. - Correct Answers -primary oocytes
A(n) ________ is released from the ovary in the event known as ovulation. - Correct
Answers -secondary oocyte
A follicle cell that remains behind after ovulation: - Correct Answers -is the initial source
of progesterone during pregnancy.
An animal called a hydra can reproduce by growing a miniature version of itself directly
from the tissues of the parent. The miniature hydra then breaks off and grows to full
size. This type of reproduction is best called: - Correct Answers -budding.
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
The corpus luteum: - Correct Answers -is the initial source of progesterone during
pregnancy.
Your lungs are derived from which of the following embryonic germ layers? - Correct
Answers -the endoderm
Infertility of two prospective parents is defined as: - Correct Answers -the inability to
become pregnant after one year of trying.
What structure in a sperm cell contains what might be called "a cap or bag containing
digestive enzymes"? - Correct Answers –acrosome
A population pyramid: - Correct Answers -reflects the number of individuals in various
age groups in a population.
When does the growth rate of a population equal zero? - Correct Answers -when N/K is
one
Population density is determined by the number of: - Correct Answers -individuals of a
species in a given area.
he term [(K-N)/K] influences a population growth curve such that: - Correct Answers -
when N equals K, population growth is zero.
Mutations that cause sickness and death after reproduction: - Correct Answers -can be
passed on to future generations.
After ovulation, approximately halfway through the female menstrual cycle, levels of
progesterone rise sharply. What is the primary function of progesterone at this point in
the menstrual cycle? - Correct Answers -to maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus,
where a fertilized egg can implant
Which type of reproduction is disadvantageous when the environment is ever-
changing? - Correct Answers -Answer a), c), and d) are all disadvantageous.
,The SRY, or sex determining gene, is most noted for: - Correct Answers -causing an
embryo to develop into a boy.
A disadvantage of asexual reproduction is that: - Correct Answers -it results in less
genetic variation in a population.
Which of the following is TRUE about reproductive-related technology? - Correct
Answers -Sperm can be sorted in the laboratory into those containing an X or a Y.
What is the most reliable signal that a woman is about to give birth? - Correct Answers -
dilation of the cervix up to about 10 cm
The formation of a multicellular organism from a fertilized egg is called development.
Development is accomplished through the processes of: - Correct Answers -mitosis and
cytokinesis.
Which of the following statements about sexually transmitted diseases is true? - Correct
Answers -STDs can be transmitted through the mouth or the anus.
During the course of your study of an animal species that alternates between sexually
and asexually reproducing stages, you observe a long period of time during which your
study animals reproduce asexually without any evidence of sexual reproduction. Which
of the following strategies would you first use to attempt to induce sexual behavior? -
Correct Answers -Gradually make the environment less favorable.
Aside from the need to find a partner, which of the following is another major
DISADVANTAGE of sexual reproduction? - Correct Answers -Finding a mate can
consume lots of energy and time.
In humans, as well as mammals, birds, and reptiles, the growing embryo is surrounded
by a water-filled chamber to keep it wet and to provide insulation and protection. What is
this name of the membrane that surrounds this chamber? - Correct Answers -amnion
You are trying to determine whether or not a woman is pregnant based on hormone
levels in her body. Based on what you know about hormone activity in the female
reproductive system, which of the following hormones would be the best indicator of
pregnancy? - Correct Answers -human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
The "toxic semen" found in fruit flies has been discovered to have which of the following
effects? - Correct Answers -Semen from a male fly suppresses further mating in a
female for several days.
Tying off the vas deferens will: - Correct Answers -None of the above.
,The three embryonic germ layers formed during gastrulation are the: - Correct Answers
-ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
Which of the following statements is true about external fertilization in most species? -
Correct Answers -All of the above are true.
What is colostrum? - Correct Answers -the substance that is released when a woman
first begins to lactate
What process allows sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida surrounding the mature egg
just before fertilization? - Correct Answers -sperm bind to the zona pellucida, triggering
the egg response to open its membrane like a gate
During the human menstrual cycle, a sudden increase in which of the following
hormones causes the follicle to rupture, releasing the egg from the ovary? - Correct
Answers -luteinizing hormone
The circular muscle at the opening to the uterus in human females is called the: -
Correct Answers -cervix.
During ovulation in human females, the mature egg is released from the ________,
travels through the ________ where fertilization occurs, and embeds in the ________. -
Correct Answers -follicle, Fallopian tube, uterus
In the process of spermatogenesis shown in the diagram, which is the stage where
sperm FIRST become haploid? - Correct Answers -primary spermatocyte
What is the goal of the reproductive technology-related process known as "sperm
sorting"? - Correct Answers -to increase the chances of having a girl or a boy,
specifically, through ART
For which of the following reasons might a man claim a reasonable legal right to an
embryo produced by fertilizing an egg with his sperm? - Correct Answers -The embryo
contains half of the man's DNA .
Which of the following is located in the testis? - Correct Answers -seminiferous tubules
What triggers the onset of menstruation in women? - Correct Answers -falling levels of
estrogen and progesterone in the bloodstream
In which stage in embryonic development are the germ layers created? - Correct
Answers -gastrulation
Sperm are produced in the _______ and stored in the ________. They then travel into
the penis through the ________ and are ejaculated through the ________. - Correct
Answers -seminiferous tubules; epididymis; vas deferens; urethra
, In what way does egg production differ from sperm production in humans? - Correct
Answers -Each egg is considerably larger than a sperm.
Which of the following is a known evolutionary adaptation arising from sperm
competition? - Correct Answers -Both a) and b) are known evolutionary adaptations
arising from sperm competition.
Prior to fertilization, the pathway traveled by sperm through the female reproductive
system is: - Correct Answers -vagina, cervix, uterus, Fallopian tube.
The part of the uterus that sloughs off at menstruation is a portion of the: - Correct
Answers -endometrium.
The acrosome of the sperm: - Correct Answers -carries the enzymes that help digest
the exterior coats of the egg.
Which three sets of accessory glands add secretions to the semen in human males? -
Correct Answers -the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands
Why are STDs nearly impossible to eradicate from the population? - Correct Answers -
Infected people are often asymptomatic and all partners have to be treated
simultaneously to prevent re-infection.
Contraception usually involves one of three methods. What are these three? - Correct
Answers -preventing fertilization, preventing implantation, preventing ovulation
Which of the following is NOT generally correct about the difference between egg and
sperm in sexually reproducing animals? - Correct Answers -Eggs have more
chromosomes than do sperm.
Which STDs can be treated with antifungal suppositories or creams? - Correct Answers
-yeast infections
Most of the "eggs" in the ovary are arrested as ________ in the process of oogenesis
when a female reaches puberty. - Correct Answers -primary oocytes
A(n) ________ is released from the ovary in the event known as ovulation. - Correct
Answers -secondary oocyte
A follicle cell that remains behind after ovulation: - Correct Answers -is the initial source
of progesterone during pregnancy.
An animal called a hydra can reproduce by growing a miniature version of itself directly
from the tissues of the parent. The miniature hydra then breaks off and grows to full
size. This type of reproduction is best called: - Correct Answers -budding.
