PSYC 228 EXAM 3 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 800 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
Types of social influence - (answer) conformity, compliance, obedience.
Conformity - (answer) changing your behavior to match others. ex.) peer pressure: we don't want to be
the outlier.
Compliance - (answer) changing your behavior because of a direct/ specific request. ex.) your friend
asks you not to curse when at their house.
Obedience - (answer) changing your behavior because of a request from a directive from authority.
Asch Study (1956): tested conformity in groups and with partners - (answer) line test: ABC which is the
same as the standard. A (longer), B (shorter), C (the same). most of the subjects agreed with the majority
in their groups. one person will agree with the confederates with the wrong answer, even though the
subject agrees. subjects go along with the group for 37% of the trials. they genuinely agree that the
group is correct. they go along with the group to avoid the uncomfortableness of disagreeing. the others
must be right, there's four of them and one of me. denies evidence they see and goes along with the
group instead.
with a partner, they will report the same correct response in 5% of the trials. reduces pressure to
conform.
Normative influence - (answer) when they go along with the group because they don't want to be
criticised for going against the group.
Descriptive normative influence - (answer) when you are doing exactly what the group is doing.
Injunctive normative influence - (answer) when you are doing what the group would approve of.
Rejection - (answer) people fall to normative influence because they don't want to feel x.
Schacter (1951): 3 common behaviors of nonconformity - (answer) what occurred when one
confederate went against a majority group. argue. ignore. punishment.
,PSYC 228 EXAM 3 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 800 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
Argue - (answer) group will x with them to change their answer.
Ignore - (answer) group will x the person and refuses the group decision. they don't interact with the
person.
Punishment - (answer) the group will x the person who stands out. they will give the person that went
against the group the most undesirable chores
Size - (answer) the bigger the x of a group the more likely it is to happen. ex.) going against ten people
is harder than going against two.
Moscovici's theory - (answer) the majority sways by size. the minority sways based on style (how they
present it/ convince others).
Unamity - (answer) everyone in the group is saying the same thing. a person is given a partner in the
Ashe study, there's less intensity/ tension when you are in agreement with someone else. you feel like
the underdog when two of you go against the majority together.
Immediacy - (answer) after the group says theirs, and you have to immediately give your answer, you're
more likely to conform. if you have a delay, there's time to think apart from the group. thus, normative
influence is less likely to happen.
Social strength - (answer) how much you care about the other people in the group. more likely to
happen with your family than a group of strangers.
Bond & Smith (1996): social strength - (answer) meta analysis in regards to Ashe-like studies in various
different places. they found that normative influence is found in all of the studies, but it is more likely to
happen in collectivist cultures instead of individualist cultures. why should i make waves?
, PSYC 228 EXAM 3 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 800 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
Informational influence - (answer) going with the group because you think the group is right and you
are wrong. If they were asked later, they will continue to go with the group. They want accuracy.
Anonymity protects against normative influence but not against informational influence. AKA social
validation. ex.) there are five of them and one of me. i must be wrong, they must be right.
Social validation - (answer) based on your answer, you impact my perception of reality. you validate my
social reality or help create my perception of reality.
Sherif (1935): informational influence - (answer) investigated the autokinetic effect. had subjects do it
in a room by themselves and estimate how many inches of moving they saw the dot move. then had
them do it in a group with multiple trials. found that when the groups worked together, their estimates
became closer and closer together until they ended up with a group estimate. next trial: their answers
move closer together. this study had them do it again by themselves where they found that they
repeated the group answer instead of their own. if they reverted to their original answer it would be
because of a normative influence.
Autokinetic effect - (answer) if you are in a dark room and see a stationary beam of light, your eyes will
see movement which is not there.
Ambiguity - (answer) when there isn't a clear answer, more likely to fall prey to informational influence.
if the group is close to our own answer, we are more willing to see the informational influence.
Crisis - (answer) we go along with the group because they already did the work and we want to end the
x (time/ resource benefits).
Experts - (answer) more likely to fall prey to information influence when the person is an x. we see
them as an expert with a vast knowledge base so they must be correct.
Social contagion - (answer) how trends happen across social groups. once one person does something,
it spreads from group to group. ex.) ALS ice bucket challenge.
ANSWERS
Types of social influence - (answer) conformity, compliance, obedience.
Conformity - (answer) changing your behavior to match others. ex.) peer pressure: we don't want to be
the outlier.
Compliance - (answer) changing your behavior because of a direct/ specific request. ex.) your friend
asks you not to curse when at their house.
Obedience - (answer) changing your behavior because of a request from a directive from authority.
Asch Study (1956): tested conformity in groups and with partners - (answer) line test: ABC which is the
same as the standard. A (longer), B (shorter), C (the same). most of the subjects agreed with the majority
in their groups. one person will agree with the confederates with the wrong answer, even though the
subject agrees. subjects go along with the group for 37% of the trials. they genuinely agree that the
group is correct. they go along with the group to avoid the uncomfortableness of disagreeing. the others
must be right, there's four of them and one of me. denies evidence they see and goes along with the
group instead.
with a partner, they will report the same correct response in 5% of the trials. reduces pressure to
conform.
Normative influence - (answer) when they go along with the group because they don't want to be
criticised for going against the group.
Descriptive normative influence - (answer) when you are doing exactly what the group is doing.
Injunctive normative influence - (answer) when you are doing what the group would approve of.
Rejection - (answer) people fall to normative influence because they don't want to feel x.
Schacter (1951): 3 common behaviors of nonconformity - (answer) what occurred when one
confederate went against a majority group. argue. ignore. punishment.
,PSYC 228 EXAM 3 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 800 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
Argue - (answer) group will x with them to change their answer.
Ignore - (answer) group will x the person and refuses the group decision. they don't interact with the
person.
Punishment - (answer) the group will x the person who stands out. they will give the person that went
against the group the most undesirable chores
Size - (answer) the bigger the x of a group the more likely it is to happen. ex.) going against ten people
is harder than going against two.
Moscovici's theory - (answer) the majority sways by size. the minority sways based on style (how they
present it/ convince others).
Unamity - (answer) everyone in the group is saying the same thing. a person is given a partner in the
Ashe study, there's less intensity/ tension when you are in agreement with someone else. you feel like
the underdog when two of you go against the majority together.
Immediacy - (answer) after the group says theirs, and you have to immediately give your answer, you're
more likely to conform. if you have a delay, there's time to think apart from the group. thus, normative
influence is less likely to happen.
Social strength - (answer) how much you care about the other people in the group. more likely to
happen with your family than a group of strangers.
Bond & Smith (1996): social strength - (answer) meta analysis in regards to Ashe-like studies in various
different places. they found that normative influence is found in all of the studies, but it is more likely to
happen in collectivist cultures instead of individualist cultures. why should i make waves?
, PSYC 228 EXAM 3 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 800 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
Informational influence - (answer) going with the group because you think the group is right and you
are wrong. If they were asked later, they will continue to go with the group. They want accuracy.
Anonymity protects against normative influence but not against informational influence. AKA social
validation. ex.) there are five of them and one of me. i must be wrong, they must be right.
Social validation - (answer) based on your answer, you impact my perception of reality. you validate my
social reality or help create my perception of reality.
Sherif (1935): informational influence - (answer) investigated the autokinetic effect. had subjects do it
in a room by themselves and estimate how many inches of moving they saw the dot move. then had
them do it in a group with multiple trials. found that when the groups worked together, their estimates
became closer and closer together until they ended up with a group estimate. next trial: their answers
move closer together. this study had them do it again by themselves where they found that they
repeated the group answer instead of their own. if they reverted to their original answer it would be
because of a normative influence.
Autokinetic effect - (answer) if you are in a dark room and see a stationary beam of light, your eyes will
see movement which is not there.
Ambiguity - (answer) when there isn't a clear answer, more likely to fall prey to informational influence.
if the group is close to our own answer, we are more willing to see the informational influence.
Crisis - (answer) we go along with the group because they already did the work and we want to end the
x (time/ resource benefits).
Experts - (answer) more likely to fall prey to information influence when the person is an x. we see
them as an expert with a vast knowledge base so they must be correct.
Social contagion - (answer) how trends happen across social groups. once one person does something,
it spreads from group to group. ex.) ALS ice bucket challenge.
