COMLEX Level 1 TrueLearn COMBank Questions with Correct Answers Verified by Experts|
Latest Update
What does sodium stibogluconate treat? Visceral leishmaniasis (Leishmania donovani)
MOA: alkylating agents (platinum-containing) can increase cross-links
Adverse effects: nephrotoxicity (give amifostine) (elevated creatinine), neurotoxicity,
ototoxicity, severe nausea and vomiting (hyponatremia and hypokalemia), bone marrow
suppression, renal magnesium wasting (which leads to hypocalcemia) Cisplatin
MOA: binds to iron forming free radicals (Gi phase)
Adverse effects: pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation, rash Bleomycin
MOA: alkylating agent at N7 of guanine
Adverse effects: hemorrhagic cystitis (administer mesna), bone marrow suppression, vesication
(mechlorethamine), nausea and vomiting Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide
MOA: inhibits topoisomerase II (S phase)
Adverse effects: nausea and vomiting, bone marrow suppression, hypersensitivity, hair loss
Etoposide, Teniposide
MOA: inhibits topoisomerase I (S phase)
Adverse effects: nausea and vomiting, bone marrow suppression, weakness Topotecan,
Irinotecan
,MOA: alkylating agent
Adverse effects: pulmonary fibrosis Busulfan
MOA: intercalating agent, produces free radials, inhibits topoisomerase II (cell cycle
nonspecific)
Adverse effects: nausea and vomiting, bone marrow suppression, cardiotoxicity from free
radical formation (give dexrazoxane) Doxorubicin
MOA: inhibiting of microtubule polymerization (M phase)
Adverse effects: peripheral neuropathy (vincristine), bone marrow suppression (vinblastine)
Vinblastine, Vincristine
MOA: inhibition of microtubule depolymerization (M phase)
Adverse effects: hypersensitivity, nausea and vomiting, peripheral neuropathies, bone marrow
suppression Paclitaxel, Docetaxel
Prevent constriction of the efferent glomerular arteriole --> decrease hyperfiltration --> slow
the progression of diabetic nephropathy
First line med of choice in diabetics w/ hypertension ACE inhibitors
Meds of choice for hypertension in patients w/ angina or a hx of myocardial infarctions
Beta-blockers
,Meds of choice for hypertension in patients w/ benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Alpha-
blockers
Loop diuretic
More potent than thiazides and more commonly used for congestive heart failure and edema
Not a choice for essential hypertension Furosemide
Initial drug of choice for essential hypertension w/ no other co-morbidities Thiazide diuretics
Cough and angioedema are possible side-effects
Hyperkalemia
Increase survival in congestive heart failure
Contraindicated in bilateral renal artery stenosis ACE inhibitors
Selective melatonin receptor agonist which binds to MT1 and MT2 receptors located in the
suprachiasmatic nucleus Ramelteon
The most common cause of gastritis w/ watery diarrhea before the age of 2-years
A reovirus whose genome consists of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA Rotavirus
Viruses w/ double-stranded DNA Adenovirus
, Herpes viral family
Papillomavirus
Hepatitis B (circular genome of partially ds-DNA)
Single-stranded DNA virus B19 erythrovirus (causes erythema infectiosum, aka. slapped-
cheek syndrome)
Decreased mentation, slurred speech, ataxia, significant renal failure due to oxalate formation,
N/V, anion gap metabolic acidosis, coma, seizures, cardiovascular depression, flank pain due to
calcium oxalate crystals formation and obstruct renal tubules, hematuria, oliguria Ethylene
glycol toxicity
Antidote for:
1. Acetaminophen
2. Organophosphates, neostigmine, physostigmine
3. Iron
4. Digoxin
5. Theophylline
6. Methanol and ethylene glycol
7. Benzodiazepines and "zz drugs"
8. Opioids (heroin, fentanyl)
9. Muscarinic antagonists
10. Heparin
11. Warfarin and rat poison 1. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
2. Pralidoxime and atropine (for symptoms)
3. Deferoxamine (chelation)
4. DigiFab and manage electrolytes
5. Beta-adrenergic antagonist
Latest Update
What does sodium stibogluconate treat? Visceral leishmaniasis (Leishmania donovani)
MOA: alkylating agents (platinum-containing) can increase cross-links
Adverse effects: nephrotoxicity (give amifostine) (elevated creatinine), neurotoxicity,
ototoxicity, severe nausea and vomiting (hyponatremia and hypokalemia), bone marrow
suppression, renal magnesium wasting (which leads to hypocalcemia) Cisplatin
MOA: binds to iron forming free radicals (Gi phase)
Adverse effects: pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation, rash Bleomycin
MOA: alkylating agent at N7 of guanine
Adverse effects: hemorrhagic cystitis (administer mesna), bone marrow suppression, vesication
(mechlorethamine), nausea and vomiting Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide
MOA: inhibits topoisomerase II (S phase)
Adverse effects: nausea and vomiting, bone marrow suppression, hypersensitivity, hair loss
Etoposide, Teniposide
MOA: inhibits topoisomerase I (S phase)
Adverse effects: nausea and vomiting, bone marrow suppression, weakness Topotecan,
Irinotecan
,MOA: alkylating agent
Adverse effects: pulmonary fibrosis Busulfan
MOA: intercalating agent, produces free radials, inhibits topoisomerase II (cell cycle
nonspecific)
Adverse effects: nausea and vomiting, bone marrow suppression, cardiotoxicity from free
radical formation (give dexrazoxane) Doxorubicin
MOA: inhibiting of microtubule polymerization (M phase)
Adverse effects: peripheral neuropathy (vincristine), bone marrow suppression (vinblastine)
Vinblastine, Vincristine
MOA: inhibition of microtubule depolymerization (M phase)
Adverse effects: hypersensitivity, nausea and vomiting, peripheral neuropathies, bone marrow
suppression Paclitaxel, Docetaxel
Prevent constriction of the efferent glomerular arteriole --> decrease hyperfiltration --> slow
the progression of diabetic nephropathy
First line med of choice in diabetics w/ hypertension ACE inhibitors
Meds of choice for hypertension in patients w/ angina or a hx of myocardial infarctions
Beta-blockers
,Meds of choice for hypertension in patients w/ benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Alpha-
blockers
Loop diuretic
More potent than thiazides and more commonly used for congestive heart failure and edema
Not a choice for essential hypertension Furosemide
Initial drug of choice for essential hypertension w/ no other co-morbidities Thiazide diuretics
Cough and angioedema are possible side-effects
Hyperkalemia
Increase survival in congestive heart failure
Contraindicated in bilateral renal artery stenosis ACE inhibitors
Selective melatonin receptor agonist which binds to MT1 and MT2 receptors located in the
suprachiasmatic nucleus Ramelteon
The most common cause of gastritis w/ watery diarrhea before the age of 2-years
A reovirus whose genome consists of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA Rotavirus
Viruses w/ double-stranded DNA Adenovirus
, Herpes viral family
Papillomavirus
Hepatitis B (circular genome of partially ds-DNA)
Single-stranded DNA virus B19 erythrovirus (causes erythema infectiosum, aka. slapped-
cheek syndrome)
Decreased mentation, slurred speech, ataxia, significant renal failure due to oxalate formation,
N/V, anion gap metabolic acidosis, coma, seizures, cardiovascular depression, flank pain due to
calcium oxalate crystals formation and obstruct renal tubules, hematuria, oliguria Ethylene
glycol toxicity
Antidote for:
1. Acetaminophen
2. Organophosphates, neostigmine, physostigmine
3. Iron
4. Digoxin
5. Theophylline
6. Methanol and ethylene glycol
7. Benzodiazepines and "zz drugs"
8. Opioids (heroin, fentanyl)
9. Muscarinic antagonists
10. Heparin
11. Warfarin and rat poison 1. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
2. Pralidoxime and atropine (for symptoms)
3. Deferoxamine (chelation)
4. DigiFab and manage electrolytes
5. Beta-adrenergic antagonist
