TEST BANK FOR Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology: Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition by Nancy Tkacs, Linda Herrmann, Randall Johnson ISBN: 978-0826177070 COMPLETE GUIDE 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!

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Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
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PRACTICE


1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
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A) fever.

B) fatigue.

C) redness.
D) granuloma.


2.
The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by m
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omentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
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A) bleeding.
B) congestion.

C) pale skin.ap




D) coolness.


3.
The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of le
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ukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great nu
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mbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets

4.
The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the initi
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al step in the process?
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,A) Engulfment

B) Intracellular killing ap




C) Antigen margination ap




D) Recognition and adherence ap ap




5.
Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capilla
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ry permeability and pain?
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A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide ap




6.
Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of th
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e following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
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A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous


7. The acute- ap



phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset of inflam
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mation and includes: ap ap




A) fever and lethargy.
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B) decreased C-reactive protein. ap ap




C) positive nitrogen balance. ap ap




D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
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8.
In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized
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by which of the following phenomena?
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, A) Profuse fibrinous exudation ap ap




B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
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C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis ap ap ap




D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages ap ap ap




9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin- ap ap



1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood lead to the release of endogenous
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pyrogens that: ap




A) stabilize thermal control in the brain.
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B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia. ap ap ap




C) block viral replication in cells.
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D) inhibit prostaglandin release.
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10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted
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.
to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammati
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on in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will
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occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
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A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces ap ap ap ap ap




B) Chemotaxis

C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium ap ap ap ap ap




D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris ap ap ap




11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
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. experiencing chronic inflammation? ap ap




A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
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B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
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C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
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D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
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12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
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.