CDH 2 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
What does Zahnfreudlich mean? Where does it come from?
Swiss label foods “Zahnfreundlich” which means food does not lower the pH of plaque
below 5.7 for up to 30 minutes after consumption.
Switzerland
Case Study Written
List 3 ethical principles of Research, and explain how they relate to the case study on the
test
Honesty - telling the truth, not faking the data
Objectivity - being impartial, not letting personal bias affect research (difficult if being PAID to
research for a product) - lack bias, judgment or prejudice
Integrity - personal responsibility for one's actions - fairness, justice, neutrality (lack of
favouritism toward one side or another); open-mindedness, tolerance
Carefulness - avoid careless mistakes, errors, negligence; checking yours and your colleagues'
work - cautious, attentive to possible danger
Openness - transparency; makes results available to collaboration and criticism
Respect for intellectual property - copyrights, trademarks, REFERENCING others' works - being
accepting/open-minded to creations of the mind such as inventions, literary and artistic works,
designs and symbols
Confidentiality - ensure information of samples remain confidential; don't tell them who's in the
placebo or test group
Respect for Colleagues - give credit where credit is due (references)
Social Responsibility - responsibility for doing their civic duty; actions must benefit society as a
whole - suggests that people have an obligation to act for the benefit of the society at large;
balance between economy and ecosystems
Non-discrimination - not discriminating treatments; can be an issue if doing studies on TARGET
POPULATIONS - NOT making an unfair prejudicial distinction between different categories or
,people or things
Competence - doing studies efficiently, appropriately, respectfully
Legality - everything should be in accordance w/ the law (eg. informed consent)
Animal care - humane treatment of animal subjects; only using them as necessary and providing
proper care until use; no brutality
Human subjects protection - regulations that give researchers practical advice on how to treat
human subjects
Responsible Publication - auth
Turku sugar/xylitol study (2 year study)
3 groups:
G1. Sucrose completely substituted with xylitol
G2. Fructose sweetened diet
G3. Control - conventional sucrose sweetened diet
Results (carious lesions counted)
-No new caries in Group 1 (Xylitol)
-Avg 4 new caries in Group 2 (Fructose)
-Avg >7 new caries in Group 3 (Sucrose)
-Xylitol group also had less plaque
Turku Sugar Studies (1- year study)
2 groups
- 4 sticks per day of xylitol sweetened gum
- 4 sticks per day of sucrose sweetened gum
Results:
-group 1 - avg 0.3 new DMFS
-group 2 - avg 4 new DMFS
, DMFT vs DMFS
Decayed Missing Filled Teeth
- No denominator (eg. sealants, 3rd molars)
-Weighting
- does not show EXTENT of caries
-Don't know the reason for missing teeth
-Preventive restorations also counted
-Does not help estimate treatment needs
-Sealants
-Based on clinical exam (does not use rads)
Decayed Missing Filled Surfaces
On DMFS, posterior teeth count for 5 Anterior surfaces and anterior teeth count for 4 (incisal
edge not counted) surfaces
List characteristics about xylitol:
- blocks transmission of s. mutans from mother to child
- may arrest dentin caries
- cannot be cooked
- non and anticariogenic
- antibacterial
- bacteria canNOT metabolize it
- promotes remineralization
List characteristics about sorbitol:
- low cariogenicity
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
What does Zahnfreudlich mean? Where does it come from?
Swiss label foods “Zahnfreundlich” which means food does not lower the pH of plaque
below 5.7 for up to 30 minutes after consumption.
Switzerland
Case Study Written
List 3 ethical principles of Research, and explain how they relate to the case study on the
test
Honesty - telling the truth, not faking the data
Objectivity - being impartial, not letting personal bias affect research (difficult if being PAID to
research for a product) - lack bias, judgment or prejudice
Integrity - personal responsibility for one's actions - fairness, justice, neutrality (lack of
favouritism toward one side or another); open-mindedness, tolerance
Carefulness - avoid careless mistakes, errors, negligence; checking yours and your colleagues'
work - cautious, attentive to possible danger
Openness - transparency; makes results available to collaboration and criticism
Respect for intellectual property - copyrights, trademarks, REFERENCING others' works - being
accepting/open-minded to creations of the mind such as inventions, literary and artistic works,
designs and symbols
Confidentiality - ensure information of samples remain confidential; don't tell them who's in the
placebo or test group
Respect for Colleagues - give credit where credit is due (references)
Social Responsibility - responsibility for doing their civic duty; actions must benefit society as a
whole - suggests that people have an obligation to act for the benefit of the society at large;
balance between economy and ecosystems
Non-discrimination - not discriminating treatments; can be an issue if doing studies on TARGET
POPULATIONS - NOT making an unfair prejudicial distinction between different categories or
,people or things
Competence - doing studies efficiently, appropriately, respectfully
Legality - everything should be in accordance w/ the law (eg. informed consent)
Animal care - humane treatment of animal subjects; only using them as necessary and providing
proper care until use; no brutality
Human subjects protection - regulations that give researchers practical advice on how to treat
human subjects
Responsible Publication - auth
Turku sugar/xylitol study (2 year study)
3 groups:
G1. Sucrose completely substituted with xylitol
G2. Fructose sweetened diet
G3. Control - conventional sucrose sweetened diet
Results (carious lesions counted)
-No new caries in Group 1 (Xylitol)
-Avg 4 new caries in Group 2 (Fructose)
-Avg >7 new caries in Group 3 (Sucrose)
-Xylitol group also had less plaque
Turku Sugar Studies (1- year study)
2 groups
- 4 sticks per day of xylitol sweetened gum
- 4 sticks per day of sucrose sweetened gum
Results:
-group 1 - avg 0.3 new DMFS
-group 2 - avg 4 new DMFS
, DMFT vs DMFS
Decayed Missing Filled Teeth
- No denominator (eg. sealants, 3rd molars)
-Weighting
- does not show EXTENT of caries
-Don't know the reason for missing teeth
-Preventive restorations also counted
-Does not help estimate treatment needs
-Sealants
-Based on clinical exam (does not use rads)
Decayed Missing Filled Surfaces
On DMFS, posterior teeth count for 5 Anterior surfaces and anterior teeth count for 4 (incisal
edge not counted) surfaces
List characteristics about xylitol:
- blocks transmission of s. mutans from mother to child
- may arrest dentin caries
- cannot be cooked
- non and anticariogenic
- antibacterial
- bacteria canNOT metabolize it
- promotes remineralization
List characteristics about sorbitol:
- low cariogenicity
