NOMADIC EMPIRE
GENGHIS KHAN WAS THE THE MONGOL RULER AND RULED OVER CENTRAL ASIA.they never wrote
about themselves all the proves are from the other groups of people,Russian
scholars did the most valuable research around 18 and 19 centur like a scholar
named boris.the sources which were found were written in diverse languages like
Chinese ,Mongolian,Persian,Arabic,Italian etc.often the same contexts in different
languages had different facts and contents.
INTRODUCTION-
Early 13th century,euro-Asia,genghis khan started becoming strong in the steppes of
Central Asia, he united the mongol people,he wanted a big empire,people said that
he had a mandate from god to rule.though he ruled over a big part but his
successors expanded the empire across Afghanistan,Russia and Iran.he had a lot of
grandsons,MONGKE warned a French ruler,Lois 9 saying that in heaven there is only
one eternal sky,on earth there is only 1 lore genghis khan,the son of heaven.1236-
41,another grandson od genghis khan,captured Russian lands up to Moscow,seized
Poland and Hungary and camped outside Vienna.during the 13th century the eternal
sky was with them,they captured many parts of china,Middle East and Europe.genghis
khan achieved more than Alexander the Great.mangold ere a diverse group of people
with similarities of language,tatars,Khetan and Manchus to the east,and the Turkic
tribes to the west,some of them were pastoralists white some where hunter
gatherer’s,they lived in the steppes of Central Asia.
GEOPHRAPHY-
WEST-ice caped mountain(Altai mountains)
SOUTH -arid gobi dessert,onon and SeleNGA RIVERS. Hunter gathers lived in north
near Siberian forest,pastoralists traded animal fur.
Had harsh and long winters and dry short summers,agriculture was possible but they
did not do farming as the duration was very short,and they had cattle’s.never had
dense population or settlements and had no cities,people were united by language
but had less resources which led to conflicts,rich families were
influential.natural calamities would result in conflicts for resources.they started
trade with china for resources and there was mutual benefit,but there were again
military warnings from bith sides which ever side neede better trade.agricultural
produce and utensils were exchanged from china for horses and fur.china in 8th
century built fortifications for protection also called the Great Wall of china.
CARRIER OF GENGHIS KHAN-
HE WAS BIRN IN 1162 NEAR THE ONON RIVER,PRESENT DAY MONGOLIA,named temujin ,son of
yesugei,chieftain of kiya clan,his father was murdered at a young age and his
mother oelun eke raised temujin,his brothers and step brothers with
hardships,temujin was captured and slaved,and soon after his marriage his wife
borte was kidnapped and had to fight to recover her,he made important friends
during this time.boghurchu was his first friend,Jamuqa was his blood brother,he
restored friendships with his father brothers,through the 1180 and 1190s temujin
used the alliance of his fathers brother to defeat jamuqa .after defeating him he
felt confident.defeat of naiman people,he became a dominant personality.he was
recognised a s the great khan also called genghis khan meaning universal khan.he
wanted to conquer china,hsi hsi in north west,jurchen /chin dynasty in the
north,sung dynasty in the south,by 1209 hsi hsi was defeated,1213 chin dynasty was
defeated,gave rest of the work to his military officials and went back.1219 ans
1221 he conquered great cities like Bukhara,Samarkand,balkh ,nishapur etc.at
nishapur a mongol prince was killed during an operation and he ordered to destroy
the town with no one living.defeated Russia,conquered Caspian Sea and Indus.they
did not not conquer in Diya because genghis khan was old and the temperature did
not suit them.died in 1227.had great military achievements and Aldo all his success
was because of his army,they could do rapid shooting and archery.they used to
attack in very harsh weathers like snowy winters and frozen rivers.started using
better equipment like naphta bombs and siege engines.his engineers prepared light
equipment.
MONGOLS AFTER GENGHIS KHAN-
The history was divided into 2 distinct phases,1st spannned yers 1236 to42,were the
GENGHIS KHAN WAS THE THE MONGOL RULER AND RULED OVER CENTRAL ASIA.they never wrote
about themselves all the proves are from the other groups of people,Russian
scholars did the most valuable research around 18 and 19 centur like a scholar
named boris.the sources which were found were written in diverse languages like
Chinese ,Mongolian,Persian,Arabic,Italian etc.often the same contexts in different
languages had different facts and contents.
INTRODUCTION-
Early 13th century,euro-Asia,genghis khan started becoming strong in the steppes of
Central Asia, he united the mongol people,he wanted a big empire,people said that
he had a mandate from god to rule.though he ruled over a big part but his
successors expanded the empire across Afghanistan,Russia and Iran.he had a lot of
grandsons,MONGKE warned a French ruler,Lois 9 saying that in heaven there is only
one eternal sky,on earth there is only 1 lore genghis khan,the son of heaven.1236-
41,another grandson od genghis khan,captured Russian lands up to Moscow,seized
Poland and Hungary and camped outside Vienna.during the 13th century the eternal
sky was with them,they captured many parts of china,Middle East and Europe.genghis
khan achieved more than Alexander the Great.mangold ere a diverse group of people
with similarities of language,tatars,Khetan and Manchus to the east,and the Turkic
tribes to the west,some of them were pastoralists white some where hunter
gatherer’s,they lived in the steppes of Central Asia.
GEOPHRAPHY-
WEST-ice caped mountain(Altai mountains)
SOUTH -arid gobi dessert,onon and SeleNGA RIVERS. Hunter gathers lived in north
near Siberian forest,pastoralists traded animal fur.
Had harsh and long winters and dry short summers,agriculture was possible but they
did not do farming as the duration was very short,and they had cattle’s.never had
dense population or settlements and had no cities,people were united by language
but had less resources which led to conflicts,rich families were
influential.natural calamities would result in conflicts for resources.they started
trade with china for resources and there was mutual benefit,but there were again
military warnings from bith sides which ever side neede better trade.agricultural
produce and utensils were exchanged from china for horses and fur.china in 8th
century built fortifications for protection also called the Great Wall of china.
CARRIER OF GENGHIS KHAN-
HE WAS BIRN IN 1162 NEAR THE ONON RIVER,PRESENT DAY MONGOLIA,named temujin ,son of
yesugei,chieftain of kiya clan,his father was murdered at a young age and his
mother oelun eke raised temujin,his brothers and step brothers with
hardships,temujin was captured and slaved,and soon after his marriage his wife
borte was kidnapped and had to fight to recover her,he made important friends
during this time.boghurchu was his first friend,Jamuqa was his blood brother,he
restored friendships with his father brothers,through the 1180 and 1190s temujin
used the alliance of his fathers brother to defeat jamuqa .after defeating him he
felt confident.defeat of naiman people,he became a dominant personality.he was
recognised a s the great khan also called genghis khan meaning universal khan.he
wanted to conquer china,hsi hsi in north west,jurchen /chin dynasty in the
north,sung dynasty in the south,by 1209 hsi hsi was defeated,1213 chin dynasty was
defeated,gave rest of the work to his military officials and went back.1219 ans
1221 he conquered great cities like Bukhara,Samarkand,balkh ,nishapur etc.at
nishapur a mongol prince was killed during an operation and he ordered to destroy
the town with no one living.defeated Russia,conquered Caspian Sea and Indus.they
did not not conquer in Diya because genghis khan was old and the temperature did
not suit them.died in 1227.had great military achievements and Aldo all his success
was because of his army,they could do rapid shooting and archery.they used to
attack in very harsh weathers like snowy winters and frozen rivers.started using
better equipment like naphta bombs and siege engines.his engineers prepared light
equipment.
MONGOLS AFTER GENGHIS KHAN-
The history was divided into 2 distinct phases,1st spannned yers 1236 to42,were the
