NURS 6521 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS WALDEN UNIVERSITY

NURS 6521 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS WALDEN UNIVERSITYA nurse is caring for an infant after a surgical procedure. After ensuring that the ordered dose is appropriate for the infant's age and weight, the nurse administers a narcotic analgesic intravenously. When assessing the infant 15 minutes later, the nurse notes respirations of 22 breaths/minute and a heart rate of 110 beats/minute. The infant is asleep in the parent's arms and does not awaken when vital signs are assessed. The nurse understands that these findings are the result of: correct answer immaturity of the blood-brain barrier in the infant. A child will receive 750 mg of an antibiotic for 10 days. The child attends day care. The drug may be dosed in several ways and is available in two concentrations. Which dosing regimen will the nurse discuss with the child's provider? correct answer 500 mg/5 mL to 375 mg PO twice daily Parents ask the nurse why an over-the-counter cough suppressant with sedative side effects is not recommended for infants. Which response by the nurse is correct? correct answer "Infants are more susceptible to central nervous system effects than are adults." A nurse caring for a 5-year-old child notes that the child has discoloration of several teeth. When taking a medication history, the nurse will ask about which group of medications? correct answer Tetracyclines An infant has allergies and often develops a pruritic rash when exposed to allergens. The infant's parents ask the nurse about using a topical antihistamine. What should the nurse tell them? correct answer Applying an antihistamine to the skin can cause toxicity in this age group. An infant is receiving a medication that has a narrow therapeutic range. The nurse reviews the medication information and learns that the drug is excreted by the kidneys.When giving the medication, the nurse will assess the infant for: correct answer signs of drug toxicity. A pediatric nurse is teaching nursing students to calculate medication doses for children using a formula based on body surface area. Which statement by a nursing student indicates understanding of the teaching? correct answer "This formula helps approximate the first dose; other doses should be based on clinical observations." A pediatric nurse is teaching nursing students about medication administration in children. Which statement by a student indicates an understanding of the teaching? correct answer "Drugs effective in adults may not work in children, even if the dose is proportional for weight and size." A nurse is teaching nursing students about pediatric medication administration. What will the nurse include when discussing pediatric drug research? correct answer Studies showed a significant percentage of unanticipated and potentially lethal side effects in children. A prescriber has ordered medication for a newborn. The medication is eliminated primarily by hepatic metabolism. The nurse expects the prescriber to: correct answer order a dose that is lower than an adult dose. The parents of a child with asthma ask the nurse why their child can not use oral corticosteroids more often, because they are so effective. The nurse will offer which information that is true for children? correct answer Chronic steroid use can inhibit growth. A patient with schizophrenia receives a dose of risperidone [Risperdal Consta] IM. The nurse teaching this patient about this medication will make which statement? correct answer "You will need to take an oral antipsychotic drug for 3 weeks."A patient with schizophrenia shows suicidal behaviors, and the provider orders clozapine [Clozaril]. The nurse teaches the family about the medication and its side effects. Which statement by a family member indicates a need for further teaching about this drug? correct answer "If the ANC is less than 3000, the drug will be discontinued permanently." A patient in whom drug therapy has failed several times in the past is readmitted to a hospital to begin therapy for schizophrenia. What will the nurse do to help improve adherence? correct answer Teach the patient about drug side effects and how to manage them. A nurse provides teaching for a patient about to begin taking an FGA drug for schizophrenia. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching about side effects of these drugs? correct answer "Dry mouth and constipation are uncommon with this medication." A patient taking an FGA medication develops severe parkinsonism and is treated with amantadine [Symmetrel]. The amantadine is withdrawn 2 months later, and the parkinsonism returns. The nurse will expect the provider to: correct answer try a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA). What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia? Select all that apply. correct answer Poor judgment Poor self-care Poverty of speech A patient is taking an FGA for schizophrenia. The nurse notes that the patient has trouble speaking and chewing and observes slow, wormlike-movements of the patient'stongue. The nurse recognizes which adverse effect in this patient? correct answer Tardive dyskinesia A nurse and a nursing student are discussing the plan of care for a patient with schizophrenia. The patient, who has been taking a high-potency FGA for 2 months, has become restless and constantly needs to be in motion. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further education? correct answer "Because this may be an exacerbation of psychosis, the provider may increase the dose of the FGA." A patient who is taking a first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) drug for schizophrenia comes to the clinic for evaluation. The nurse observes that the patient has a shuffling gait and mild tremors. The nurse will ask the patient's provider about which course of action? correct answer Giving an anticholinergic medication A patient with schizophrenia has been taking an oral FGA for 1 week. The patient has been taking the drug daily in two divided doses. The individual complains of daytime drowsiness. The patient's family reports a decrease in the person's hostility and anxiety but states that the patient remains antisocial with disordered thinking. What will the nurse tell the patient and the family? correct answer Some symptoms take months to improve. A patient with schizophrenia has been taking an antipsychotic drug for several days. The nurse enters the patient's room to administer a dose of haloperidol [Haldol] and finds the patient having facial spasms. The patient's head is thrust back, and the patient is unable to speak. What will the nurse do? correct answer Request an order to give diphenhydramine. A parent reports being afraid that a child may have schizophrenia because of disorganized speech and asocial behaviors. The nurse will tell this parent that which of the following must also be present to make a diagnosis? Select all that apply. correctanswer A decrease in self-care, job, or school function A 1-month duration of active phase symptoms Continuous signs of disturbance for longer than 6 months Which side effects are more common in second-generation antipsychotic medications than in first-generation antipsychotic medications? Select all that apply. correct answer Agranulocytosis Anticholinergic effects Metabolism by CYP3A4 A nurse in a mental health hospital finds a patient with schizophrenia who takes haloperidol [Haldol] lying rigid in bed with a temperature of 41.3°C. A cardiac monitor shows cardiac dysrhythmias. What will be included in the treatment of this patient? Select all that apply. correct answer Dantrolene Intravenous fluids Withdrawal of haloperidol A patient who has diabetes mellitus is diagnosed with schizophrenia and the provider orders thioridazine. The patient asks the nurse why the provider has not ordered olanzapine [Zyprexa], which the patient has seen advertised on television. Which response by the nurse is the most important reason that this patient is not receiving olanzapine? correct answer "Olanzapine causes more metabolic side effects than thioridazine." A patient who has been taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) for depression for several months tells the provider that the medication has not helped with symptoms. The provider plans to switch the patient to an SSRI. The nurse will teach this patient to: correct answer stop taking the MAOI 2 weeks before starting the SSRI.A young adult patient has been taking an antidepressant medication for several weeks and reports having increased thoughts of suicide. The nurse questions further and learns that the patient has attempted suicide more than once in the past. The patient identifies a concrete plan for committing suicide. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss: correct answer hospitalizing the patient for closer monitoring. An older adult patient who is to begin taking imipramine [Tofranil] asks the nurse when the drug should be taken. The nurse will instruct the patient to: correct answer divide the daily dose into two equal doses 12 hours apart. A patient has been taking an SSRI antidepressant for major depression and reports having headaches and jaw pain. What will the nurse tell the patient? correct answer Discuss these symptoms with a dentist. A neonate is born to a patient who reports taking venlafaxine [Effexor XR]. The nurse caring for the infant will observe the infant for: correct answer irritability, tremor, and respiratory distress. A patient is brought to the emergency department after taking a handful of TCA pills. The nurse will expect to provide what when caring for this patient? Select all that apply. correct answer Cardiac monitoring Cholinesterase inhibitors Gastric lavage and activated charcoal A patient is diagnosed with major depression with severe symptoms and begins taking an antidepressant medication. Three weeks after beginning therapy, the patient tells the nurse that the drug is not working. The nurse will counsel this patient to ask the provider about: correct answer using nondrug therapies to augment the medication. Which patients are candidates for MAOIs? Select all that apply. correct answer Patientswho have not responded to SSRIs and TCAs Patients with atypical depression Patients with bulimia nervosa A patient whose spouse has died recently reports feeling down most of every day for the past 2 months. On further questioning, the nurse learns that the patient has quit participating in church and social activities, has difficulty falling asleep, and has lost 5 pounds. The patient reports feeling tired and confused all the time but does not have suicidal thoughts. What does the nurse suspect? correct answer Major depression A patient taking an MAOI is seen in the clinic with a blood pressure of 170/96 mm Hg. What will the nurse ask this patient? correct answer To list all foods eaten that day A patient taking fluoxetine [Prozac] complains of decreased sexual interest. A prescriber orders a "drug holiday." What teaching by the nurse would best describe a drug holiday? correct answer "Don't take the medication on Friday and Saturday." A patient with bipolar disorder who wants to minimize the need for drug therapy asks the nurse what else can be done to treat the disorder. The nurse will recommend which measures? Select all that apply. correct answer Psychotherapy Regular sleep and exercise Using a chart to monitor mood changes A patient with bipolar disorder who is taking divalproex sodium [Valproate] has just been admitted to the hospital. During the admission assessment, the patient tells the nurse about recent suicidal ideation. The nurse observes several areas of bruising over soft tissue areas and notes a weight gain of 10 pounds since the last admission 1 year ago. What will the nurse do? correct answer Contact the provider to report these findings. A patient with bipolar disorder takes lamotrigine [Lamictal]. Which statement by thepatient would prompt the nurse to hold the drug and notify the prescriber for further assessment? correct answer "I've broken out in a rash on my chest and back." A patient who has recently begun taking carbamazepine [Equetro] for bipolar disorder reports having vertigo and headaches. Which action by the nurse is appropriate? correct answer Reassure the patient that these effects occur early in treatment and will resolve over time. A patient is admitted to a hospital for treatment for first-time symptoms of mania and is exhibiting euphoric mania. Which medication will the provider order? correct answer Lithium [Lithobid] A patient with bipolar disorder has been taking lithium [Lithobid] for several years. The patient has developed a goiter, and serum tests reveal hypothyroidism. What will the nurse expect the provider to order for this patient? correct answer Administration of levothyroxine A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a hospitalized patient who has been taking lithium [Lithobid] for 3 days. The patient is complaining of mild nausea and abdominal bloating. The patient's lithium level is 0.8 mEq/L. What will the nurse do? correct answer Administer the dose and tell the patient that the side effects are temporary. A patient recently was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The patient, who has a history of seasonal allergies, is an athlete who participates in track. The nurse is teaching the patient about lithium [Lithobid], which the prescriber has just ordered. Which statement by the patient indicates the need for further teaching? correct answer "I can continue to use ibuprofen as needed for muscle pain."A patient with bipolar disorder is admitted to the hospital. The patient has been taking lithium [Lithobid] for several years and has not been evaluated by a provider for over a year. Besides obtaining a lithium level, the nurse caring for this patient will anticipate orders for which laboratory tests? Select all that apply. correct answer Calcium level Renal function tests Thyroid function tests The spouse of a patient with bipolar disorder (BPD) tells the nurse that the patient will not stay on the lithium ordered by the provider longer than 1 or 2 months at a time. The nurse understands that adherence to medication regimens in patients with BPD is problematic and will tell the spouse: correct answer "During manic episodes, many patients don't see the benefit of prophylactic medications." A patient with bipolar disorder has frequent manic episodes alternating with depressive episodes. The prescriber orders risperidone [Risperdal] in addition to the lithium [Lithobid] that the patient is already taking. The patient asks the nurse why another drug is needed. The nurse will tell the patient that the risperidone is used to: correct answer help control symptoms during manic episodes. A patient with a new-onset seizure disorder receives a prescription for phenobarbital. The patient reports being concerned about the sedative side effects of this drug. Which response by the nurse is correct? correct answer "Phenobarbital doses for seizures are nonsedating." A patient who travels frequently for business reports occasional instances of being unable to fall asleep. The patient tells the nurse that job demands require staying up late and then getting up early for meetings. The nurse expects that the provider will prescribe which medication for this patient? correct answer Zaleplon [Sonata]A patient who is experiencing alcohol withdrawal is given a benzodiazepine. The nurse understands that this drug is effective because: correct answer the patient has a crossdependence to the benzodiazepine. A patient in the emergency department is given intravenous diazepam [Valium] for seizures. When the seizures stop, the nurse notes that the patient is lethargic and confused and has a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/minute. The nurse will expect to administer which of the following? correct answer Respiratory support A patient who has been using secobarbital for several months to treat insomnia tells the nurse that the prescriber has said the prescription will be changed to temazepam [Restoril] because it is safer. The patient asks why this agent is safer. The nurse is correct in telling the patient that temazepam: correct answer potentiates endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producing a finite CNS depression. A hospitalized patient who is given one dose of flurazepam continues to show drowsiness the next day. A nursing student asks the nurse the reason for this, because the drug's half-life is only 2 to 3 hours. Which response by the nurse is correct? correct answer "When this drug is metabolized, the resulting compound has longer-lasting effects." A patient takes temazepam [Restoril] for insomnia. The patient tells the nurse that a recent telephone bill lists several calls to friends that the patient does not remember making. What will the nurse do? correct answer Ask the patient about any alcohol consumption in conjunction with the benzodiazepine. A nurse is discussing the use of benzodiazepines as sedative-hypnotic agents with a group of nursing students. A student asks about the actions of these drugs in the central nervous system. The nurse makes which correct statement? correct answer"Benzodiazepines affect the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex to cause anterograde amnesia." A patient who has been taking alprazolam [Xanax] to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) reports recently stopping the medication after symptoms have improved but reports having feelings of panic and paranoia. Which initial action by the nurse is correct? correct answer Ask the patient if the medication was stopped abruptly. A patient is diagnosed with anxiety after describing symptoms of tension, poor concentration, and difficulty sleeping that have persisted for over 6 months. Which medication will the nurse expect the provider to order for this patient? correct answer Buspirone [Buspar] A nurse is preparing a patient who will stop taking lorazepam [Ativan] for anxiety and begin taking buspirone [Buspar]. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? correct answer "I should stop taking the Ativan when I start taking the Buspar." A patient reports having occasional periods of tremors, palpitations, nausea, and a sense of fear, which usually dissipate within 30 minutes. To treat this condition, the nurse anticipates the provider will prescribe a drug in which drug class? correct answer Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are known to be effective for which disorders? Select all that apply. correct answer Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Obsessive-compulsive disorder Panic disorder Social anxiety disorder uring an admission history, a patient reports a frequent need to return to a room multipletimes to make sure an iron or other appliance is unplugged. What does the nurse understand about this patient's behavior? correct answer It helps the patient reduce anxiety about causing a fire. A patient describes feelings of anxiety and fear when speaking in front of an audience and is having difficulty at work because of an inability to present information at meetings three or four times each year. The patient is reluctant to take long-term medications. The nurse will expect the provider to order which treatment? correct answer Alprazolam [Xanax] as needed A patient who has obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been undergoing behavioral therapy but continues to exhibit symptoms that interfere with daily life. Which intervention will the nurse expect the provider to order for this patient? correct answer Fluoxetine [Paxil] A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a patient. The patient reports taking alprazolam [Xanax] for "nerves." The nurse knows that this patient is most likely being treated for which condition? correct answer Generalized anxiety disorder An agitated, extremely anxious patient is brought to the emergency department. The prescriber orders a benzodiazepine. The nurse understands that benzodiazepines are used in this clinical situation based on which principle? correct answer Benzodiazepines have a rapid onset of action. A child will begin taking methylphenidate [Ritalin] for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Important baseline information about this patient will include: correct answer height and weight. A child has been taking SD methylphenidate [Ritalin], 10 mg at 0800 and 1200 and 5 mg at 1600, for 2 months. The parents tell the nurse that the child sometimes missesthe noon dose while at school. The child's appetite is normal. The teacher has reported a slight improvement in hyperactivity and impulsivity. What will the nurse do? correct answer Ask the prescriber whether this child could be given methylphenidate [Concerta]. An adult patient will begin taking atomoxetine [Strattera] for attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. What will the nurse teach this patient? correct answer Therapeutic effects may not be felt for 1 to 3 weeks after beginning therapy. A child is diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The prescriber orders a central nervous system stimulant. Which statement by the child's parent indicates a need for further teaching? correct answer "This drug will make him less impulsive while he's at school." A university student who is agitated and restless and has tremors is brought to the emergency department. The patient's heart rate is 110 beats/minute, the respiratory rate is 18 breaths/minute, and the blood pressure is 160/95 mm Hg. The patient reports using concentrated energy drinks to stay awake during finals. This patient is at risk of having: correct answer Seizures A patient who is morbidly obese is admitted for treatment. The prescriber orders lisdexamfetamine [Vyvanse]. The nurse will be concerned if this patient shows signs of: correct answer dyspnea. 234. A nurse is providing education to a group of patients regarding amphetamines. To evaluate the group's understanding, the nurse asks a participant what effects amphetamines would have on her. The participant shows that she understands the effects of these drugs if she gives which answers? Select all that apply. correct answer "Amphetamines suppress the perception of pain.""Amphetamines increase the heart rate." "Amphetamines elevate mood." A nurse working the night shift begins taking modafinil [Alertec]. The nurse is telling a coworker about the medication. Which statement is correct? correct answer "It will not interfere with my normal sleep." A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder about methylphenidate [Concerta]. Which statement by the child's parents indicates understanding of the teaching? correct answer "The tablet needs to be swallowed whole, not crushed or chewed." A young adult begins taking clonidine [Kapvay] to treat ADHD symptoms after suffering anorexia with methylphenidate [Ritalin]. What will the nurse include when teaching this patient about taking clonidine? correct answer "Avoid consuming alcohol while taking this medication." A parent thinks a school-aged child has ADHD. The nurse asks the parent to describe the child's behaviors. Which behaviors are characteristic of ADHD? Select all that apply. correct answer Hyperactivity Inattention Impulsivity A patient has been receiving heparin while in the hospital to treat deep vein thromboses and will be discharged home with a prescription for enoxaparin [Lovenox]. The nurse provides teaching for the nursing student who asks about the advantages of enoxaparin over heparin. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching? correct answer "Enoxaparin is more cost-effective than heparin."A patient is receiving heparin postoperatively to prevent deep vein thrombosis. The nurse notes that the patient has a blood pressure of 90/50 mm Hg and a heart rate of 98 beats/minute. The patient's most recent aPTT is greater than 90 seconds. The patient reports lumbar pain. The nurse will request an order for: correct answer protamine sulfate. A nursing student who is preparing to care for a postoperative patient with deep vein thrombosis asks the nurse why the patient must take heparin rather than warfarin. Which response by the nurse is correct? correct answer "The onset of warfarin is delayed." A postoperative patient reports pain in the left lower extremity. The nurse notes swelling in the lower leg, which feels warm to the touch. The nurse will anticipate giving which medication? correct answer Enoxaparin [Lovenox] A patient who is taking warfarin [Coumadin] has just vomited blood. The nurse notifies the provider, who orders laboratory work revealing a PT of 42 seconds and an INR of 3.5. The nurse will expect to administer: correct answer phytonadione (vitamin K1) 1 mg IV over 1 hour. A patient is admitted to the emergency department with chest pain. An electrocardiogram shows changes consistent with an evolving myocardial infarction. The patient's cardiac enzymes are pending. The nurse caring for this patient will expect to: correct answer give alteplase [Activase] within 2 hours. A patient who takes warfarin for atrial fibrillation undergoes hip replacement surgery. On the second postoperative day, the nurse assesses the patient and notes an oxygen saturation of 83%, pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis. The nurse will contact the provider to report possible and request an order for correct answer pulmonary embolism; heparinA patient with atrial fibrillation is receiving warfarin [Coumadin]. The nurse notes that the patient's INR is 2.7. Before giving the next dose of warfarin, the nurse will notify the provider and: correct answer administer the dose as ordered. A postoperative patient will begin anticoagulant therapy with rivaroxaban [Xarelto] after knee replacement surgery. The nurse performs a history and learns that the patient is taking erythromycin. The patient's creatinine clearance is 50 mL/minute. The nurse will: correct answer notify the provider to discuss changing the patient's antibiotic. A patient who is taking clopidogrel [Plavix] calls the nurse to report black, tarry stools and coffee-ground emesis. The nurse will tell the patient to: correct answer continue taking the clopidogrel until talking to the provider. A patient has been taking warfarin [Coumadin] for atrial fibrillation. The provider has ordered dabigatran etexilate [Pradaxa] to replace the warfarin. The nurse teaches the patient about the change in drug regimen. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching? correct answer "I will stop taking the warfarin and will start taking the dabigatran when my INR is less than 2." A 50-year-old female patient asks a nurse about taking aspirin to prevent heart disease. The patient does not have a history of myocardial infarction. Her cholesterol and blood pressure are normal, and she does not smoke. What will the nurse tell the patient? correct answer There is most likely no protective benefit for patients her age. A patient who takes warfarin [Coumadin] is brought to the emergency department after accidentally taking too much warfarin. The patient's heart rate is 78 beats/minute and the blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. A dipstick urinalysis is normal. The patient does not have any obvious hematoma or petechiae and does not complain of pain. The nurse will anticipate an order for: correct answer a PT and an INR.A nurse caring for a patient receiving heparin therapy notes that the patient has a heart rate of 98 beats/minute and a blood pressure of 110/72 mm Hg. The patient's fingertips are purplish in color. A stat CBC shows a platelet count of less than 100,000 mm3. The nurse will: correct answer discontinue the heparin and notify the provider. A patient will begin taking dabigatran etexilate [Pradaxa] to prevent stroke. The nurse will include which statement when teaching this patient? correct answer It is important not to crush, chew, or open capsules of dabigatran. A patient is admitted to the hospital with unstable angina and will undergo a percutaneous coronary intervention. Which drug regimen will the nurse expect to administer to prevent thrombosis in this patient? correct answer Aspirin, heparin, abciximab [ReoPro] A patient who has taken warfarin [Coumadin] for a year begins taking carbamazepine. The nurse will anticipate an order to: correct answer increase the dose of warfarin. A nurse has just received an order for tenecteplase [TNKase] for a patient experiencing an acute myocardial infarction. The nurse should administer this drug: correct answer by bolus injection A nurse is taking a medication history on a newly admitted patient. The patient reports taking folic acid and vitamin B12. The nurse notifies the provider because of the concern that folic acid can: correct answer mask the signs of vitamin B12 deficiency. A nurse is caring for a patient after hip replacement surgery. The patient has been receiving iron replacement therapy for 2 days. The nurse notes that the patient's stools appearblack. The patient is pale and complains of feeling tired. The patient's heart rate is 98 beats/minute, respirations are 20 breaths/minute, and the blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg. The nurse will contact the provider to: correct answer request a hemoglobin and hematocrit (H&H). A 12-year-old female patient is admitted to the hospital before sinus surgery. The nurse preparing to care for this patient notes that the admission hemoglobin is 10.2 gm/dL, and the hematocrit is 32%. The nurse will ask the child's parents which question about their daughter? correct answer "Has she begun menstruating?" A patient with renal failure is undergoing chronic hemodialysis. The patient's hemoglobin is 10.6 gm/dL. The provider orders sodium-ferric gluconate complex (SFGC [Ferrlecit]). What will the nurse expect to do? correct answer Administer the drug intravenously with erythropoietin. A patient tells a nurse that she is thinking about getting pregnant and asks about nutritional supplements. What will the nurse recommend? correct answer 400 to 800 mg of folic acid per day A patient who has recently immigrated to the United States from an impoverished country appears malnourished. The patient's folic acid levels are low, and the vitamin B12 levels are normal. The nurse expects this patient's treatment to include: correct answer a diet high in folic acid. A patient is admitted to the hospital. The patient's initial laboratory results reveal megaloblastic anemia. The patient complains of tingling of the hands and appearsconfused. The nurse suspects what in this patient? correct answer Vitamin B12 deficiency A nurse is reviewing a patient's most recent blood count and notes that the patient has a hemoglobin of 9.6 gm/dL and a hematocrit of 33%. The nurse will notify the provider and will expect initial treatment to include: correct answer determining the cause of the anemia. What are the indications for administration of a parenteral iron preparation? Select all that apply. Blood loss of 750 mL/week correct answer Blood loss of 750 mL/week Celiac disease with anemia Intestinal disease impairing absorption A patient was given a 30-day supply of Feosol and has been taking the drug for 4 weeks for iron deficiency anemia. The patient's initial hemoglobin was 8.9 gm/dL. The nurse notes that the hemoglobin has risen to 9.7 gm/dL. What will the nurse ask the patient about? correct answer Whether the prescription needs to be refilled The patient with which of the following is most at risk for folic acid deficiency? correct answer Alcoholism A patient is receiving oral iron for iron deficiency anemia. Which antibiotic drug, taken concurrently with iron, would most concern the nurse? correct answer Tetracycline A patient with vitamin B12 deficiency is admitted with symptoms of hypoxia, anemia, numbness of hands and feet, and oral stomatitis. The nurse expects the prescriber to order which of the following therapies? correct answer IM cyanocobalamin and folic acid A patient who has been prescribed oral ferrous sulfate reports taking extra doses for thepast few months. The patient's serum iron level is 560 mcg/dL. What will the nurse expect the provider to order for this patient? correct answer oral deferasirox [Exjade]Giving parenteral deferoxamine [Desferal] A patient is diagnosed with moderate vitamin B12 deficiency. The nurse reviews the laboratory work and notes that the plasma B12 is low; also, a Schilling test reveals B12 malabsorption. The provider orders oral cyanocobalamin 500 mcg/day. The nurse will contact the provider to: correct answer suggest an increased dose. A postmenopausal patient who has had a hysterectomy and who has a family history of coronary heart disease reports experiencing vaginal dryness and pain with intercourse but tells the nurse that she does not want to take hormones because she is afraid of adverse effects. The nurse will suggest that the woman ask her provider about: correct answer Premarin vaginal. A 50-year-old postmenopausal patient who has had a hysterectomy has moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms and is discussing estrogen therapy (ET) with the nurse. The patient is concerned about adverse effects of ET. The nurse will tell her that: correct answer transdermal preparations have fewer side effects. A patient who will begin combination estrogen/progestin therapy (EPT) for menopause asks the nurse why she cannot take an estrogen-only preparation. The patient has not had a hysterectomy, has a slightly increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and has mild osteopenia. The nurse will tell her that the progestin is necessary to: correct answer decrease her risk of endometrial cancer A nurse provides teaching to a patient who has had a hysterectomy and is about to begin hormone therapy to manage menopausal symptoms. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching? correct answer "I should take the lowest effective dose for the shortest time needed."A patient with osteopenia asks a nurse about the benefits of hormone therapy in preventing osteoporosis. Which statement by the nurse is correct? correct answer "When hormone therapy is discontinued, bone mass is quickly lost." The nurse is providing patient education about the application of transdermal estrogen spray. Which statement made by the patient best demonstrates understanding of the application of this medication? "I should apply this medication to my: correct answer thighs and calves." A nurse provides teaching to a group of nursing students about the risks and benefits of hormone therapy (HT), including estrogen therapy (ET) and combination estrogen/progestin therapy (EPT). Which statement by a student indicates understanding of the teaching? correct answer "Principal benefits of ET are suppression of menopausal symptoms and prevention of bone loss." A patient who is at risk for osteoporosis will begin taking the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene [Evista]. Which statement will the nurse include when teaching this patient about the medication? correct answer Vasomotor symptoms are a common side effect of this drug. A patient is taking a combination oral contraceptive (OC) and tells the nurse that she is planning to undergo knee replacement surgery in 2 months. What will the nurse recommend for this patient? correct answer The patient should discuss an alternative method of birth control prior to surgery. A patient calls a family planning clinic and tells the nurse that her vaginal ring, which has been in place for 2 weeks, came out sometime during the night while she was sleeping. The nurse will instruct her to: correct answer clean the ring with warm water, reinsert it, and use condoms for 7 days.An adolescent female patient with multiple sexual partners asks a nurse about birth control methods. The patient tells the nurse she tried oral contraceptives once but often forgot to take her pills. The nurse will recommend discussing which contraceptive method with the provider? correct answer DMPA (Depo-Provera) and condoms A nurse working in a family planning clinic is teaching a class on intrauterine devices (IUDs). Which patient should be advised against using an IUD for contraception? correct answer An 18-year-old woman with multiple sexual partners. A patient at increased risk for thromboembolic disorders will begin taking a progestinonly oral contraceptive. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of how this oral contraceptive works? correct answer "I will need to use backup contraception if I miss a pill." A nurse is discussing various ways to obtain a medical abortion with a patient. Which statement by the patient best demonstrates understanding of mifepristone (RU 486) [Mifeprex]? "This drug is most effective if I use it: correct answer within 7 weeks of conception." A patient has been taking a progestin-only, or "minipill," OC for 3 months and reports spotting and irregular menstrual cycles. The nurse will: correct answer reassure the patient that this is normal with this form of contraception. A patient has been experiencing side effects with a combination oral contraceptive, and her provider has ordered a different combination product. The nurse will instruct the patient to do what? correct answer Change products at the beginning of her next cycle. A nurse is teaching a community education class on contraceptives. The nurse tells the class that if spermicides containing nonoxynol-9 are used, the patient should takespecial precautions, because these spermicides have been linked to: correct answer increased transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A patient is taking a combination oral contraceptive (OC) and reports breast tenderness, edema, and occasional nausea. What will the nurse recommend? correct answer The patient should request an OC containing less estrogen A patient calls the nurse to report that she forgot to take a combination OC pill during the third week of her cycle. She tells the nurse that she missed another pill earlier that week. The nurse will tell her to: correct answer take a pill now, continue the pack, skip the placebo pills, and start a new pack on week 4. A patient has just purchased a 1-year supply of 28-day-cycle oral contraceptives. She tells the nurse she wishes she had planned things better, because she has calculated that her period will begin during her upcoming honeymoon. What will the nurse suggest? correct answer She should discard the inert pills and start a new pack during the honeymoon. A nurse working in a family planning clinic is preparing to administer a first dose of intramuscular DMPA [Depo-Provera] to a young adult patient. The woman tells the nurse she has just finished her period. What will the nurse do? correct answer Schedule an appointment for her to receive the injection in 3 weeks. A patient who is taking a combination oral contraceptive begins taking carbamazepine. After severalweeks, the patient tells the nurse she has begun experiencing spotting during hercycle. What will the nurse tell her to do? correct answer Discuss an oral contraceptive with increased estrogen. A woman has been taking a progestin-only oral contraceptive and will begin using a vaginal ring. The nurse will teach the patient to insert the ring: correct answer the day the last pill is taken and use backup contraception for 7 daysA nurse is teaching an adolescent female patient about 28-day monophasic combination oral contraceptives. The provider has instructed the patient to begin taking the pills on the first Sunday after the onset of her next period. What will the nurse tell the patient? correct answer "Use another form of contraception for the next month." A nurse is teaching a male adult patient about the use of testosterone gel. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of the teaching? correct answer "I should not let my child touch the gel to prevent behavioral problems." A 12-year-old male patient diagnosed with hypogonadism will begin testosterone injections. What will the nurse include when teaching the family about this therapy? correct answer Injections are given every 2 to 4 weeks for 3 to 4 years. An adolescent male patient is beginning androgen therapy for delayed puberty. His parents ask the nurse when this treatment may be stopped. The nurse will offer which response? correct answer When testicular enlargement occurs A 14-year-old male patient has not begun puberty. His parents tell the nurse that their son does not want to go to school, because he gets teased. The nurse learns that the boy's father did not begin puberty until age 16 years. Laboratory tests on this child do not reveal true hypogonadism. What will the nurse tell these parents when they ask what can be done for their son? correct answer "A limited course of androgen therapy may be prescribed, but it is not necessary." A nurse is providing education to a patient who is beginning therapy with AndroGel testosterone gel. Which statement made by the patient demonstrates a need for further teaching? correct answer "I should apply the medication to my genitals for best results." A clinic nurse is assessing an adolescent male patient who has been receiving androgen therapy for hypogonadism via a transdermal patch. The patient's last clinicvisit was 4 weeks earlier. Which part of the interval history is of most concern to the nurse? correct answer Five-pound weight gain A nurse provides teaching for a female patient with anemia who has had cancer chemotherapy and who will begin treatment with testosterone. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching? correct answer "Testosterone treats anemia by stimulating the synthesis of a renal hormone." A nurse is obtaining a history and reviewing the chart of an adult male patient who has been taking oral androgens. Which assessment would warrant notifying the provider? correct answer Nausea, anorexia, and fatigue An adult male patient will begin androgen therapy for testicular failure. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the treatment regimen? correct answer "My libido may improve while I am taking this medication." A 14-year-old male patient who plays football is admitted to the hospital. The nurse notes that the patient has short stature for his age according to a standard growth chart. The patient is muscular, has a deep voice, and needs to shave. The nurse notifies the provider of these findings. Which test will the nurse expect the provider to order? correct answer Liver function tests and serum cholesterol A patient receiving transurethral alprostadil asks about intracavernous administration. Which information would be included in the explanation? correct answer Transurethral administration has fewer side effects. A patient with erectile dysfunction is prescribed sildenafil (Viagra) 50 mg PRN. Which assessment finding would be most concerning? correct answer Snoring now wakens the patient's wife A patient with erectile dysfunction is prescribed tadalafil (Cialis) 2.5 mg daily. Which medication history finding would indicate the need to discontinue this prescription?correct answer Nitro-tab 0.4 mg sublingual PRN A patient prescribed dutasteride 2 weeks ago presents with continued complaints of urinary hesitancy. Which action is most appropriate? correct answer Document these findings. Which finding would indicate that terazosin has been effective for a patient with BPH? correct answer Improved urinary hesitation A patient receiving doxazosin presents for a routine evaluation. Which assessment finding would be most concerning? correct answer Blood pressure 96/58 After educating a patient about administration of papaverine plus phentolamine for erectile dysfunction, which statement made by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? correct answer "I will take the pill 30 minutes before sex." A patient has a viral sinus infection, and the provider tells the patient that antibiotics will not be prescribed. The patient wants to take an antibiotic and asks the nurse what possible harm could occur by taking an antibiotic. Which response by the nurse is correct? correct answer "Even normal flora can develop resistance and transfer this to pathogens." An older adult patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develops bronchitis. The patient has a temperature of 39.5° C. The nurse will expect the provider to: correct answer order empiric antibiotics while waiting for sputum culture results. The nurse is caring for a patient on a medical-surgical unit who has a fever of unknown origin. The prescriber has ordered a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Which intervention is the priority? correct answer Obtaining all cultures before the antibiotic is administeredThe nurse has been caring for a patient who has been taking antibiotics for 3 weeks. Upon assessing the patient, the nurse notices the individual has developed oral thrush. What describes the etiology of the thrush? correct answer Superinfection A child has received amoxicillin [Amoxil] for three previous ear infections, but a current otitis media episode is not responding to treatment. The nurse caring for this child suspects that resistance to the bacterial agent has occurred by which microbial mechanism? correct answer Drug inactivation A recent campaign, initiated by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), to delay the emergence of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, has what as one of its objectives? correct answer Increased adherence to prescribed antibiotics A nursing student asks a nurse to clarify the differences between the mechanisms of spontaneous mutation and conjugation in acquired resistance of microbes. What will the nurse say? correct answer Spontaneous mutation leads to resistance to only one antimicrobial agent. A patient has a localized skin infection, which is most likely caused by a gram-positive cocci. Until the culture and sensitivity results are available, the nurse will expect the provider to order a -spectrum agent. correct answer narrow; topical A parent asks a nurse if the provider will prescribe an antibiotic for a child who attends school with several children who have strep throat. The child is complaining of a sore throat and has a fever. What will be the nurse's response? correct answer "Your child should come to the clinic to have a throat culture done today." The nurse is teaching a nursing student about the mechanism by which antimicrobial agents achieve selective toxicity. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching? correct answer "Some agents cause phagocytosis of bacterial cells."A patient is about to receive penicillin G for an infection that is highly sensitive to this drug. While obtaining the patient's medication history, the nurse learns that the patient experienced a rash when given amoxicillin [Amoxil] as a child 20 years earlier. What will the nurse do? correct answer Request an order for a skin test to assess the current risk. A patient has an infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The prescriber has ordered piperacillin and amikacin, both to be given intravenously. What will the nurse do? correct answer Make sure to administer the drugs at different times using different IV tubing. A child with an ear infection is not responding to treatment with amoxicillin [Amoxil]. The nurse will expect the provider to order: correct answer amoxicillin-clavulanic acid [Augmentin]. A patient is receiving intravenous potassium penicillin G, 2 million units to be administered over 1 hour. At 1900, the nurse notes that the dose hung at 1830 has infused completely. What will the nurse do? correct answer Request an order for serum electrolytes and cardiac monitoring. A nurse transcribes a new prescription for potassium penicillin G given intravenously (IV) every 8 hours and gentamicin given IV every 12 hours. Which is the best schedule for administering these drugs? correct answer Give the penicillin at 0800, 1600, and 2400; give the gentamicin [Garamycin] at 1800 and 0600.A nurse assisting a nursing student with medications asks the student to describe how penicillins (PCNs) work to treat bacterial infections. The student is correct in responding that penicillins: correct answer disrupt bacterial cell wall synthesis. A patient has an infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. The prescriber has ordered dicloxacillin PO. What will the nurse do? correct answer Question the need for a penicillinase-resistant penicillin. The parent of an infant with otitis media asks the nurse why the prescriber has ordered amoxicillin [Amoxil] and not ampicillin [Unasyn]. What will the nurse tell the parent? correct answer Ampicillin is not as acid stable as amoxicillin. A child with otitis media has had three ear infections in the past year. The child has just completed a 10-day course of amoxicillin [Amoxil] with no improvement. The parent asks the nurse why this drug is not working, because it has worked in the past. What will the nurse tell the patient? correct answer "The bacteria have synthesized penicillinase." A patient with no known drug allergies is receiving amoxicillin [Amoxil] PO twice daily. Twenty minutes after being given a dose, the patient complains of shortness of breath. The patient's blood pressure is 100/58 mm Hg. What will the nurse do? correct answer Contact the provider and prepare to administer epinephrine. A patient with an infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is being treated with piperacillin. The nurse providing care reviews the patient's laboratory reports and notes that the patient's blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels are elevated. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss: correct answer reducing the dose of piperacillin. A nurse is preparing to administer intramuscular penicillin to a patient who is infected with Treponema pallidum and notes that the order is for sodium penicillin G. Whichaction is correct? correct answer Contact the provider to discuss changing the drug to benzathine penicillin G. A nurse is discussing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with a group of nursing students. Which statement by a student correctly identifies the basis for MRSA resistance? correct answer "MRSA bacteria have developed PBPs with a low affinity for penicillins." A patient with second-degree burns is treated with silver sulfadiazine [Silvadene]. A nursing student asks the nurse about the differences between silver sulfadiazine and mafenide [Sulfamylon], because the two are similar products, and both contain sulfonamides. What does the nurse tell the student about silver sulfadiazine? correct answer It has antibacterial effects related to release of free silver. A nurse teaches a patient about sulfonamides. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? correct answer "I should stop taking this drug when my symptoms are gone." A patient will be discharged from the hospital with a prescription for TMP/SMZ [Bactrim]. When providing teaching for this patient, the nurse will tell the patient that it will be important to: correct answer drink 8 to 10 glasses of water every day. A nurse is caring for an African-American patient who has been admitted to the unit for long- term antibiotic therapy with sulfonamides. The patient develops fever, pallor, and jaundice. The nurse would be correct to suspect that the patient has developed: correct answer hemolytic anemia. A pregnant patient is treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) [Bactrim] for a urinary tract infection at 32 weeks' gestation. A week later, the woman delivers her infant prematurely. The nurse will expect to monitor the infant for: correct answer kernicterus.A nurse is caring for a patient who takes an ACE inhibitor and an ARB medication who will begin taking TMP/SMZ to treat a urinary tract infection. Which serum electrolyte will the nurse expect to monitor closely? correct answer Potassium A nurse is obtaining a drug history from a patient about to receive sulfadiazine. The nurse learns that the patient takes warfarin, glipizide, and a thiazide diuretic. Based on this assessment, the nurse will expect the provider to: correct answer monitor the patient's coagulation levels. A patient with bronchitis is taking TMP/SMZ, 160/800 mg orally, twice daily. Before administering the third dose, the nurse notes that the patient has a widespread rash, a temperature of 103° F, and a heart rate of 100 beats/minute. The patient looks ill and reports not feeling well. What will the nurse do? correct answer Withhold the dose and notify the provider of the symptoms. A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus takes glipizide. The patient develops a urinary tract infection, and the prescriber orders TMP/SMZ. What will the nurse tell the patient? correct answer The patient should check the blood glucose level more often while taking TMP/SMZ. A patient who is taking immunosuppressant medications develops a urinary tract infection. The causative organism is sensitive to sulfonamides and to another, more expensive antibiotic. The prescriber orders the more expensive antibiotic. The nursing student assigned to this patient asks the nurse why the more expensive antibiotic is being used. Which response by the nurse is correct? correct answer "Sulfonamides are bacteriostatic and depend on host immunity to work." A nurse is discussing microbial resistance among sulfonamides and trimethoprim with a nursing student. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?correct answer "Resistance to sulfonamides is less common than resistance totrimethoprim" A patient with a urinary tract infection is given a prescription for TMP/SMZ. When reviewing the drug with the patient, the nurse learns that the patient has type 1 diabetes mellitus and consumes alcohol heavily. What will the nurse do? correct answer Contact the provider to request a different antibiotic for this patient. A patient with a history of renal calculi has fever, flank pain, and bacteriuria. The nurse caring for this patient understands that it is important for the provider to: correct answer begin antibiotic therapy after urine culture and sensitivity results are available. A 30-year-old male patient reports having two to four urinary tract infections a year. What will the nurse expect to teach this patient? correct answer "You will need to take a low dose of medication for 6 months to prevent infections." A patient has a positive urine culture 1 week after completion of a 3-day course of antibiotics. The nurse anticipates that the prescriber will: correct answer begin a 2week course of antibiotics. A young, nonpregnant female patient with a history of a previous urinary tract infection is experiencing dysuria, urinary urgency and frequency, and suprapubic pain of 3 days' duration. She is afebrile. A urine culture is positive for more than 100,000/mL of urine. The nurse caring for this patient knows that which treatment is most effective? correct answer A 3-day course of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole [Bactrim] A patient who is taking nitrofurantoin calls the nurse to report several side effects. Which side effect of this drug causes the most concern and would require discontinuation of the medication? correct answer Tingling of the fingersBefore giving methenamine [Hiprex] to a patient, it is important for the nurse to review the patient's history for evidence of which problem? correct answer Elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine A pregnant female patient with bacteriuria, suprapubic pain, urinary urgency and frequency, and a low-grade fever is allergic to sulfa, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin. The nurse knows that the best alternative for treating this urinary tract infection is with: correct answer methenamine [Hiprex]. The parent of a 5-year-old child who has had four urinary tract infections in the past r year asks the nurse why the provider doesn't just order an antibiotic for the child's current symptoms of low-grade fever, flank pain, and dysuria since these are simila symptoms as before. Which is the most important reason given by the nurse? correct answer "Your child may need tests to assess for urinary tract abnormalities." Which patient with a urinary tract infection will require hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics? correct answer An older adult man with a low-grade fever, flank pain, and an indwelling catheter A 20-year-old female patient has suprapubic discomfort, pyuria, dysuria, and bacteriuria greater than 100,000/mL of urine. Which are the most likely diagnosis and treatment? correct answer Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection treatable with short-course therapy An older male patient comes to the clinic with complaints of chills, malaise, myalgia, localized pain, dysuria, nocturia, and urinary retention. The nurse would most likely suspect that the patient has: correct answer prostatitis. A patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of chills, severe flank pain, dysuria, and urinary frequency. The patient has a temperature of 102.9° F, a pulseof 92 beats/minute, respirations of 24 breaths/minute, and a blood pressure of 119/58 mm Hg. The nurse would be correct to suspect that the patient shows signs and symptoms of: correct answer pyelonephritis. A pregnant patient with fever, flank pain, and chills has a history of two previous bladder infections before getting pregnant. She is allergic to several antibiotics. She reports having taken methenamine successfully in the past. What will the nurse tell her? correct answer "This agent is not effective against infections of the upper urinary tract." A nurse is preparing to administer an antibiotic to a patient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The nurse would expect the health care provider to order which antibiotic? correct answer Daptomycin [Cubicin] A patient who is taking calcium supplements receives a prescription for ciprofloxacin [Cipro] for a urinary tract infection. The nurse will teach this patient to: correct answer take the calcium either 6 hours before or 2 hours after taking the ciprofloxacin A nurse is preparing to administer oral ofloxacin to a patient. While taking the patient's medication history, the nurse learns that the patient takes warfarin and theophylline. The correct action by the nurse is to request an order to: correct answer monitor coagulation levels A 65-year-old patient who receives glucocorticoids for arthritis is admitted to the hospital for treatment of a urinary tract infection. The prescriber has ordered intravenous ciprofloxacin [Cipro]. Before administering the third dose of this drug, the nurse reviews the bacterial culture report and notes that the causative organism is Escherichia coli. The bacterial sensitivity report is pending. The patient complains of right ankle pain. What will the nurse do? correct answer Withhold the dose of ciprofloxacin and notify the provider of the patient'ssymptoms.A provider orders intravenous moxifloxacin [Avelox] for a patient who has sinusitis. Before administering the drug, the nurse will review this patient's chart for: correct answer recent serum electrolyte levels. A patient will receive oral ciprofloxacin [Cipro] to treat a urinary tract infection. The nurse provides teaching for this patient. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? correct answer "I should take this medication with food or milk to improve absorption." A patient who is receiving intravenous ciprofloxacin for pneumonia develops diarrhea. A stool culture is positive for Clostridium difficile. The nurse will expect the provider to: correct answer add metronidazole [Flagyl]. The nurse is caring for a patient who will begin receiving intravenous ciprofloxacin [Cipro] to treat pyelonephritis. The nurse learns that the patient has a history of myasthenia gravis. Which action by the nurse is correct? correct answer Suggest that the provider order a different antibiotic for this patient. A patient is being treated for a systemic fungal infection with amphotericin B [Abelcet] and will be discharged home from the hospital to complete every-other-day infusions of the medication for 6 to 8 weeks. The nurse provides discharge teaching before dismissal. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? correct answer "I may experience headaches and pain in my lower back, legs, and abdomen." A child has ringworm of the scalp. A culture of the lesion reveals a dermatophytic infection. The nurse teaching the child's parents about how to treat this infection will include which statement? correct answer "Your child will need to take this oral medication for 6 to 8 weeks."The nurse is preparing to administer amphotericin B intravenously. The nurse will expect to pretreat the patient with which medications? correct answer Acetaminophen [Tylenol], diphenhydramine [Benadryl], and meperidine [Demerol] A nurse is caring for a patient who has a superficial fungal infection and notes that the provider has ordered 200 mg of ketoconazole [Nizoral] 200 mg PO once daily. Which action by the nurse is correct? correct answer Request an order for a different antifungal medication. A patient is being treated with amphotericin B [Abelcet] for a systemic fungal infection. After several weeks of therapy, the provider orders flucytosine [Ancobon] in addition to the amphotericin. The nurse understands that the rationale for this combination is that it: correct answer lowers the dose of amphotericin B and reduces toxicity. A patient will begin taking an immunosuppressant medication. The nurse learns that the patient has a history of frequent candidal infections. The nurse will expect the provider to order which drug as prophylaxis? correct answer Posaconazole [Noxafil] A provider has ordered oral voriconazole [Vfend] for a patient who has a systemic fungal infection. The nurse obtains a medication historyand learns that the patient takes phenobarbital for seizures. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss which possibility? correct answer Using a different antifungal agent A nurse is discussing intravenous amphotericin B treatment with a nursing student who is about to care for a patient with a systemic fungal infection. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching? correct answer "Infusions of amphotericin B should be administered over 1 to 2 hours." A patient has come to the clinic with tinea corporis, and the prescriber has ordered clotrimazole. When educating the patient about this medication, the nurse will includewhich statement? correct answer "Use the medication for at least 1 week after the symptoms have cleared" A patient has an invasive aspergillosis infection. Which antifungal agent is the drug of choice for this infection? correct answer Voriconazole [Vfend] A patient who is taking ketoconazole tells the nurse that her periods have become irregular. What will the nurse tell her? correct answer This is caused by a reversible effect on estradiol synthesis. A patient is receiving intravenous voriconazole [Vfend]. Shortly after the infusion starts, the patient tells the nurse, "Colors look different, and the light hurts