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Exam (elaborations)

Instructor's Solutions Manual for Discrete Mathematics (Classic Version), 5th edition by John A. Dossey

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Instructor's Solutions Manual for Discrete Mathematics (Classic Version), 5th edition by John A. Dossey

Institution
Mathematics
Course
Mathematics











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Institution
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Uploaded on
June 17, 2025
Number of pages
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2024/2025
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INSTRUCTOR’S
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
AP
DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
FIFTH EDITION
LU
John A. Dossey
Illinois State University

Albert D. Otto
S0
Illinois State University

Lawrence E. Spence
Illinois State University
01
Charles Vanden Eynden
Illinois State University

, Contents
AP

1 An Introduction to Combinatorial Problems and Techniques 1

1.1 The Time to Complete a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
LU
1.2 A Matching Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 A Knapsack Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Algorithms and Their Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Supplementary Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5


2 Sets, Relations, and Functions 6
S0
2.1 Set Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Equivalence Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 Partial Ordering Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4 Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.5 Mathematical Induction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.6 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Supplementary Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
01
3 Coding Theory 14

3.1 Congruence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.2 The Euclidean Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.3 The RSA Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.4 Error-Detecting and Error-Correcting Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.5 Matrix Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.6 Matrix Codes That Correct All Single-Digit Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Supplementary Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20


iii

,Table of Contents


4 Graphs 22

4.1 Graphs and Their Representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.2 Paths and Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.3 Shortest Paths and Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.4 Coloring a Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.5 Directed Graphs and Multigraphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Supplementary Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
AP
5 Trees 36

5.1 Properties of Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.2 Spanning Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.3 Depth-First Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.4 Rooted Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.5 Binary Trees and Traversals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
LU
5.6 Optimal Binary Trees and Binary Search Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Supplementary Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60


6 Matching 63

6.1 Systems of Distinct Representatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6.2 Matchings in Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
S0
6.3 A Matching Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6.4 Applications of the Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6.5 The Hungarian Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Supplementary Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67


7 Network Flows 68
01
7.1 Flows and Cuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
7.2 A Flow Augmentation Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
7.3 The Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
7.4 Flows and Matchings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Supplementary Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75




iv

, Table of Contents


8 Counting Techniques 78

8.1 Pascal’s Triangle and the Binomial Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
8.2 Three Fundamental Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
8.3 Permutations and Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
8.4 Arrangements and Selections with Repetitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
8.5 Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
8.6 The Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
8.7 Generating Permutations and r-Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
AP
Supplementary Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
LU
9 Recurrence Relations and Generating Functions 84

9.1 Recurrence Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
9.2 The Method of Iteration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
9.3 Linear Difference Equations with Constant Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
9.4∗ Analyzing the Efficiency of Algorithms with Recurrence Relations . . . . . . 94
9.5 Counting with Generating Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
S0
9.6 The Algebra of Generating Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Supplementary Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
01
10 Combinatorial Circuits and Finite State Machines 105

10.1 Logical Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
10.2 Creating Combinatorial Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
10.3 Karnaugh Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
10.4 Finite State Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Supplementary Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115



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