GCU BIO202 EXAM 1 Test Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

GCU BIO202 EXAM 1 Test Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland - ANSWER -ensures regulatory factors reach intended targets before entering general circulation intended largest cells -Portal vessels carry hormones to anterior pituitary -Neurons synthesize releasing hormones into capillaries of portal system Neurosecretory cells - ANSWER any cell (neuron) of the nervous system that produces a hormone Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland - ANSWER -oxytocin -antidiuretic hormone oxytocin - ANSWER stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor and causes milk ejection from breast tissue Antidiuretic hormone - ANSWER decreases urine production in large amounts and causes vasoconstriction leading to increased blood pressure ADH - ANSWER Antidiuretic hormone Anatomical location of the Thyroid gland - ANSWER lies inferior to thyroid cartilage of larynx Follicular cells - ANSWER -Thyroglobulin (Globular Protein): Transport proteins. Attach to most T4 and T3 molecules in the bloodstream -Thyroxine (T4) - contains 4 Iodine molecule -Triiodothyronine (T3) - contains 3 Iodine molecules Parafollicular cells - ANSWER -Calcitonin hyperthyroidism - ANSWER -too much thyroxin produced and secreted -known as an autoimmune disease -Graves disease: attacks the fat behind the eye making it stiff which causes the eye to pop out hypothyroidism - ANSWER -Thyroid enlarges causes a goiter to form result of an iodine deficiency in an individuals diet - ANSWER -Causes swelling of the thyroid gland -Leads to a decreased metabolic rate, weight gain, fatigue, depression, lower body temp. Thyroid - ANSWER anatomical structure in the next that is affected by goiters anatomical location of the parathyroid glands - ANSWER embedded on posterior surface of the thyroid gland C (clear) cells - ANSWER parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland PTH - ANSWER Parathyroid hormone Four effects of PTH - ANSWER -stimulates osteoclasts -It inhibits osteoblasts -Reduces rate of calcium deposition in bone -It enhances reabsorption of Ca2+ at kidneys, reducing urinary loss -It stimulates formation and secretion of calcitriol at kidneys anatomical location of the adrenal glands - ANSWER lie along surface border of each kidney Zona glomerulosa - ANSWER Hormone: mineralocorticoids (primarily aldostrone) Effects: increase renal reabsorption of NA+ and water especially in the presence of ADH and accelerates urinary loss of K+ Zona Fasiculate - ANSWER Hormone: Glueocorticoids (cortisol, hydrocortisone, corticosterone) Effects: Release amino acids from skeletal muscles and lipids from adipose tissue; promote liver formation of glueose and glycogen; promote peripheral utilization of lipids Medulla - ANSWER Hormones: epinephrine, norepinephrine Effects Increases cardiac activity, blood pressure, glycogen breakdown, blood gluecose levels, releases lipids by adipose tissue Zona Reticularis - ANSWER Hormone - androgens Effects - not important to adult men Pineal gland - ANSWER produces melatonin that helps you sleep anatomical location of the pancreas - ANSWER lies between inferior border of stomach and proximal portion of small intestine Endocrine glands - ANSWER -secretes directly into the blood stream -example: ovaries which secrete sex hormones estrogen and progesterone in bloodstream Exocrine glands - ANSWER -secretes into ducts -example: salivary glands the secretion of which are released from ducts outside the blood stream Islets of langerhans - ANSWER -Endocrine of pancreas. -They are hormone producing cells Insulin - ANSWER -lowers blood glucose -takes glucose out of blood for storage Glucagon - ANSWER -raises blood glucose Type I Diabetes - ANSWER -autoimmune disease -body does not produce insulin -around 10-14 years of age -can be genetic Type II Diabetes - ANSWER -caused by obesity -body does not use insulin properly -can be genetic Pathophysiology of diabetes insipidus - ANSWER -Cronic disorder of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus that is a result of a deficiency of vasopression. Inadequate ADH secretion reduces the kidney's ability to conserve water -Urines sugar. (urines alot) Gestational diabetes - ANSWER -the mother gets high blood glucose levels -baby gets extra glucose and cuases baby to gain weight -sugar is not good for neural development Growth hormone - ANSWER -Called somatotropin -General metabolic hormone Major effects of growth hormone - ANSWER -directed to growth of skeletal muscles and long bones Target tissue of growth hormone - ANSWER liver