NR509 BATES TEST BANK – MIDTERM
EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025
i. A patient presents for evaluation of a sharp, aching chest pain which increases with
breathing. Which anatomic area would you localize the symptom to?
A) Musculoskeletal
B) Reproductive
C) Urinary
D) Endocrine - CORRECT-ANSWERSA) Musculoskeletal
ii. Chest pain may be due to a musculoskeletal condition, such as costochondritis or
iii. intercostal muscle cramp. This would be worsened by motion of the chest wall. Pleuritic
chest pain is also a sharp chest pain which increases with a deep breath. This type of pain
can
iv. occur with inflammation of the pleura from pneumonia or other conditions and
pulmonary
v. embolus.
vi. A patient comes to the emergency room for evaluation of shortness of breath. To which
anatomic region would you assign the symptom?
A) Reproductive
B) Urinary
C) Cardiac
D) Hematologic - CORRECT-ANSWERSC) Cardiac
vii. Cardiac disorders such as congestive heart failure are the most likely on this list to result
in shortness of breath. There are cases within the other categories which may also result
,viii. in shortness of breath, such as anemia in the hematologic category, pregnancy in the
reproductive
ix. category, or sepsis with UTI in the urinary category.
x. A patient presents for evaluation of a cough. Which of the following anatomic regions
can be responsible for a cough?
A) Ophthalmologic
B) Auditory
C) Cardiac
D) Endocrine - CORRECT-ANSWERSC) Cardiac
xi. The cardiac system can cause a cough if the patient has congestive heart failure. This
results in fluid buildup in the lungs, which in turn can cause a cough that produces pink,
xii. frothy sputum. A foreign body in the ear may also cause a cough by stimulating Arnold's
branch of the vagus nerve, but this is less likely to be seen clinically than heart failure.
xiii. A 22-year-old advertising copywriter presents for evaluation of joint pain. The pain is
new,
xiv. located in the wrists and fingers bilaterally, with some subjective fever. The patient
denies a
xv. rash; she also denies recent travel or camping activities. She has a family history
significant for
xvi. rheumatoid arthritis. Based on this information, which of the following pathologic
processes
xvii. would be the most correct?
A) Infectious
B) Inflammatory
C) Hematologic
D) Traumatic - CORRECT-ANSWERSB) Inflammatory
,xviii. The description is most consistent with an inflammatory process, although all the other
etiologies should be considered. Lyme disease is an infection which commonly causes
xix. arthritis, hemophilia is a hematologic condition which can cause bleeding in the joints,
and trauma can obviously cause joint pain.
xx. A 47-year-old contractor presents for evaluation of neck pain, which has been
intermittent for several years. He normally takes over-the-counter medications to ease the
pain, but this time they haven't worked as well and he still has discomfort. He recently
wallpapered the entire second floor in his house, which caused him great discomfort. The
pain resolved with rest. He denies fever, chills, rash, upper respiratory symptoms, trauma,
or injury to the neck. Based on this description, what is the most likely pathologic
process?
A) Infectious
B) Neoplastic
C) Degenerative
D) Traumatic - CORRECT-ANSWERSC) Degenerative
xxi. The description is most consistent with degenerative arthritis in the neck. The
xxii. patient has had intermittent symptoms and the questions asked to elicit pertinent negative
and
xxiii. positive findings are negative for infectious, traumatic, or neoplastic disease.
xxiv. A 15-year-old high school sophomore comes to the clinic for evaluation of a 3-week
history
xxv. of sneezing; itchy, watery eyes; clear nasal discharge; ear pain; and nonproductive cough.
Which
xxvi. is the most likely pathologic process?
A) Infection
B) Inflammation
C) Allergic
D) Vascular - CORRECT-ANSWERSC) Allergic
, xxvii. This description is most consistent with allergic rhinitis.
xxviii. A 19-year old-college student presents to the emergency room with fever, headache, and
xxix. neck pain/stiffness. She is concerned about the possibility of meningococcal meningitis.
xxx. Several of her dorm mates have been vaccinated, but she hasn't been. Which of the
following
xxxi. physical examination descriptions is most consistent with meningitis?
A) Head is normocephalic and atraumatic, fundi with sharp discs, neck supple with
full range
xxxii. of motion
xxxiii. B) Head is normocephalic and atraumatic, fundi with sharp discs, neck with paraspinous
xxxiv. muscle spasm and limited range of motion to the right
xxxv. C) Head is normocephalic and atraumatic, fundi with blurred disc margins, neck tender to
xxxvi. palpation, unable to perform range of motion
xxxvii. D) Head is normocephalic and atraumatic, fundi with blurred disc margins, neck supple
with
xxxviii. full range of motion - CORRECT-ANSWERSC) Head is normocephalic and atraumatic,
fundi with blurred disc margins, neck tender to
xxxix. palpation, unable to perform range of motion
xl. Blurred disc margins are consistent with papilledema, and neck tenderness and lack of
range of motion are consistent with neck stiffness, which in this scenario is likely to be
caused
xli. by meningeal inflammation. Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs are also helpful in testing for
meningeal irritation on exam.
xlii. A 37-year-old nurse comes for evaluation of colicky right upper quadrant abdominal
pain. The pain is associated with nausea and vomiting and occurs 1 to 2 hours after eating
greasy foods. Which one of the following physical examination descriptions would be
most consistent with the diagnosis of cholecystitis?
EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025
i. A patient presents for evaluation of a sharp, aching chest pain which increases with
breathing. Which anatomic area would you localize the symptom to?
A) Musculoskeletal
B) Reproductive
C) Urinary
D) Endocrine - CORRECT-ANSWERSA) Musculoskeletal
ii. Chest pain may be due to a musculoskeletal condition, such as costochondritis or
iii. intercostal muscle cramp. This would be worsened by motion of the chest wall. Pleuritic
chest pain is also a sharp chest pain which increases with a deep breath. This type of pain
can
iv. occur with inflammation of the pleura from pneumonia or other conditions and
pulmonary
v. embolus.
vi. A patient comes to the emergency room for evaluation of shortness of breath. To which
anatomic region would you assign the symptom?
A) Reproductive
B) Urinary
C) Cardiac
D) Hematologic - CORRECT-ANSWERSC) Cardiac
vii. Cardiac disorders such as congestive heart failure are the most likely on this list to result
in shortness of breath. There are cases within the other categories which may also result
,viii. in shortness of breath, such as anemia in the hematologic category, pregnancy in the
reproductive
ix. category, or sepsis with UTI in the urinary category.
x. A patient presents for evaluation of a cough. Which of the following anatomic regions
can be responsible for a cough?
A) Ophthalmologic
B) Auditory
C) Cardiac
D) Endocrine - CORRECT-ANSWERSC) Cardiac
xi. The cardiac system can cause a cough if the patient has congestive heart failure. This
results in fluid buildup in the lungs, which in turn can cause a cough that produces pink,
xii. frothy sputum. A foreign body in the ear may also cause a cough by stimulating Arnold's
branch of the vagus nerve, but this is less likely to be seen clinically than heart failure.
xiii. A 22-year-old advertising copywriter presents for evaluation of joint pain. The pain is
new,
xiv. located in the wrists and fingers bilaterally, with some subjective fever. The patient
denies a
xv. rash; she also denies recent travel or camping activities. She has a family history
significant for
xvi. rheumatoid arthritis. Based on this information, which of the following pathologic
processes
xvii. would be the most correct?
A) Infectious
B) Inflammatory
C) Hematologic
D) Traumatic - CORRECT-ANSWERSB) Inflammatory
,xviii. The description is most consistent with an inflammatory process, although all the other
etiologies should be considered. Lyme disease is an infection which commonly causes
xix. arthritis, hemophilia is a hematologic condition which can cause bleeding in the joints,
and trauma can obviously cause joint pain.
xx. A 47-year-old contractor presents for evaluation of neck pain, which has been
intermittent for several years. He normally takes over-the-counter medications to ease the
pain, but this time they haven't worked as well and he still has discomfort. He recently
wallpapered the entire second floor in his house, which caused him great discomfort. The
pain resolved with rest. He denies fever, chills, rash, upper respiratory symptoms, trauma,
or injury to the neck. Based on this description, what is the most likely pathologic
process?
A) Infectious
B) Neoplastic
C) Degenerative
D) Traumatic - CORRECT-ANSWERSC) Degenerative
xxi. The description is most consistent with degenerative arthritis in the neck. The
xxii. patient has had intermittent symptoms and the questions asked to elicit pertinent negative
and
xxiii. positive findings are negative for infectious, traumatic, or neoplastic disease.
xxiv. A 15-year-old high school sophomore comes to the clinic for evaluation of a 3-week
history
xxv. of sneezing; itchy, watery eyes; clear nasal discharge; ear pain; and nonproductive cough.
Which
xxvi. is the most likely pathologic process?
A) Infection
B) Inflammation
C) Allergic
D) Vascular - CORRECT-ANSWERSC) Allergic
, xxvii. This description is most consistent with allergic rhinitis.
xxviii. A 19-year old-college student presents to the emergency room with fever, headache, and
xxix. neck pain/stiffness. She is concerned about the possibility of meningococcal meningitis.
xxx. Several of her dorm mates have been vaccinated, but she hasn't been. Which of the
following
xxxi. physical examination descriptions is most consistent with meningitis?
A) Head is normocephalic and atraumatic, fundi with sharp discs, neck supple with
full range
xxxii. of motion
xxxiii. B) Head is normocephalic and atraumatic, fundi with sharp discs, neck with paraspinous
xxxiv. muscle spasm and limited range of motion to the right
xxxv. C) Head is normocephalic and atraumatic, fundi with blurred disc margins, neck tender to
xxxvi. palpation, unable to perform range of motion
xxxvii. D) Head is normocephalic and atraumatic, fundi with blurred disc margins, neck supple
with
xxxviii. full range of motion - CORRECT-ANSWERSC) Head is normocephalic and atraumatic,
fundi with blurred disc margins, neck tender to
xxxix. palpation, unable to perform range of motion
xl. Blurred disc margins are consistent with papilledema, and neck tenderness and lack of
range of motion are consistent with neck stiffness, which in this scenario is likely to be
caused
xli. by meningeal inflammation. Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs are also helpful in testing for
meningeal irritation on exam.
xlii. A 37-year-old nurse comes for evaluation of colicky right upper quadrant abdominal
pain. The pain is associated with nausea and vomiting and occurs 1 to 2 hours after eating
greasy foods. Which one of the following physical examination descriptions would be
most consistent with the diagnosis of cholecystitis?
