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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
What is a synapse?
Answer: Junction across which a nerve impulse (action potential) is indirectly or directly transmitted from an axon terminal to a neuron, muscle cell, or a gland cell
2.
What is the action potential transmitted to in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Answer: Neuron to neuron
3.
What is the action potential transmitted to in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Answer: Neuron to neuron or effector cell in a muscle or gland
4.
What are neuron to neuron synapses?
Answer: Connect the axon of one neuron to... 1. Dendrite: axodendritic 2. Soma: axosomatic 3. Axon: axoaxonic ...of the second neuron
5.
What is the most common transmission?
Answer: Presynaptic (1st neuron) to postsynaptic (2nd neuron) (Axon to dendrite or soma)
6.
What is a neurotransmitter?
Answer: Chemical released into synaptic cleft where it can trigger an action potential
7.
What are gap junctions?
Answer: Specialized regions between membranes of two adjacent cells that permit the diffusion of ions and small molecules from cell to cell - Each gap junction is composed of 6 proteins called connexins - Connexions in one membrane line up with 6 connexions in the adjacent cell membrane to form a gap junction
8.
What is a hemichannel?
Answer: 6 connexions that form half of a gap junction
9.
What is the basis of neuron to neuron synapse communication?
Answer: - Adjacent cells are electrically coupled - Flow of ions from neuron to neuron via gap junctions - Allow for FASTER action potential transmission - Pores in gap junctions are much larger than voltage gated ion channels which allows for simple diffusion and permits ATP and 2nd messengers to be transferred between neurons - Present in cardiac muscle and many types of smooth muscle
10.
What is the basis of chemical synapse communication?
Answer: Majority of transmission is one way and through the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic endings called terminal boutons
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