BIOL 151 Chapter 14 Exam A+ Pass
Gregor Mendel - Answer ✔✔- Austrian monk, laid groundwork for the chromosome
theory in 1865, experiments with garden peas
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance - Answer ✔✔- Meiosis causes the patterns of
inheritance, hereditary factors (genes) are located on chromosomes
Genetics - Answer ✔✔- Branch of biology that focuses on the inheritance of traits
Heredity - Answer ✔✔- Transmission of traits from parents to offspring
Trait - Answer ✔✔- Characteristic of an individual
Blending Inheritance - Answer ✔✔- Traits observed in a mother and father blend
together to form the traits observed in their offspring, offspring's traits would be
intermediate between the parents' traits, false
Inheritance of Acquired Characters - Answer ✔✔- Traits present in parents are modified
through use and then passed on to their offspring in a modified form, false
Why peas? - Answer ✔✔- Inexpensive, easy to grow, produce large seeds, differed in
easily recognizable traits, control which parents were involved in mating
Under normal conditions, how do peas reproduce? - Answer ✔✔- Through self-
fertilization; a flower's pollen falls on a female reproductive organ of the same flower
How did Mendel prevent self-fertilization? - Answer ✔✔- By removing the male
reproductive organs from a flower before any pollen formed
Traits that Mendel studied (7) - Answer ✔✔- Seed shape, seed color, pod shape, pod
color, flower color, flower and pod position, and stem length
Phenotype - Answer ✔✔- Observable traits of an individual
Pure line - Answer ✔✔- Individuals that produce offspring identical to themselves when
they are self-pollinated or crossed to another memeber of the pure-line population
Hybrids - Answer ✔✔- Offspring from matings between true-breeding parents that differ
in one or more traits
Gene - Answer ✔✔- A hereditary factor that influences a particular trait
, Allele - Answer ✔✔- A particular form of a gene
Genotype - Answer ✔✔- A listing of the alleles in an individual
Homozygous - Answer ✔✔- Having two of the same allele
Heterozygous - Answer ✔✔- Having two different alleles
Dominant allele - Answer ✔✔- An allele that produces its phenotype in heterozygous
and homozygous form
Recessive allele - Answer ✔✔- An allele that produces its phenotype only in
homozygous form
Reciprocal Cross - Answer ✔✔- A cross in which the phenotypes of the male and
female are reversed compared with a prior cross
Testcross - Answer ✔✔- A cross between homozygous recessive individual and an
individual with the dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype
X-linked - Answer ✔✔- Referring to a gene located on the X chromosome
Y-linked - Answer ✔✔- Referring to a gene located on the Y-chromosome, determine
male-specific development
Autosomal - Answer ✔✔- Referring to a gene located on any non-sex chromosome (an
autosome) or a trait determined by an autosomal gene
Monohybrid Cross - Answer ✔✔- Cross of two plants from pure lines that differ in one
trait, F1 generation only displayed the dominant trait, 3:1 ratio in the F2 generation
Particulate Inheritance - Answer ✔✔- Mendel's hypothesis, hereditary determinant
maintain their integrity from generation to generation, instead of blending together, they
act as discrete entities or particles
Principle of Segregation - Answer ✔✔- The idea that two members of each gene pair
must segregate (separate) into different gametes during gamete formation, confirmed
by monohybrid crosses
Dihybrid Cross - Answer ✔✔- Cross of two plants both heterozygous for two traits,
9:3:3:1 ratio
Principle of Independent Assortment - Answer ✔✔- Alleles of different genes are
transmitted independently of one another, confirmed by dihybird corsses
Gregor Mendel - Answer ✔✔- Austrian monk, laid groundwork for the chromosome
theory in 1865, experiments with garden peas
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance - Answer ✔✔- Meiosis causes the patterns of
inheritance, hereditary factors (genes) are located on chromosomes
Genetics - Answer ✔✔- Branch of biology that focuses on the inheritance of traits
Heredity - Answer ✔✔- Transmission of traits from parents to offspring
Trait - Answer ✔✔- Characteristic of an individual
Blending Inheritance - Answer ✔✔- Traits observed in a mother and father blend
together to form the traits observed in their offspring, offspring's traits would be
intermediate between the parents' traits, false
Inheritance of Acquired Characters - Answer ✔✔- Traits present in parents are modified
through use and then passed on to their offspring in a modified form, false
Why peas? - Answer ✔✔- Inexpensive, easy to grow, produce large seeds, differed in
easily recognizable traits, control which parents were involved in mating
Under normal conditions, how do peas reproduce? - Answer ✔✔- Through self-
fertilization; a flower's pollen falls on a female reproductive organ of the same flower
How did Mendel prevent self-fertilization? - Answer ✔✔- By removing the male
reproductive organs from a flower before any pollen formed
Traits that Mendel studied (7) - Answer ✔✔- Seed shape, seed color, pod shape, pod
color, flower color, flower and pod position, and stem length
Phenotype - Answer ✔✔- Observable traits of an individual
Pure line - Answer ✔✔- Individuals that produce offspring identical to themselves when
they are self-pollinated or crossed to another memeber of the pure-line population
Hybrids - Answer ✔✔- Offspring from matings between true-breeding parents that differ
in one or more traits
Gene - Answer ✔✔- A hereditary factor that influences a particular trait
, Allele - Answer ✔✔- A particular form of a gene
Genotype - Answer ✔✔- A listing of the alleles in an individual
Homozygous - Answer ✔✔- Having two of the same allele
Heterozygous - Answer ✔✔- Having two different alleles
Dominant allele - Answer ✔✔- An allele that produces its phenotype in heterozygous
and homozygous form
Recessive allele - Answer ✔✔- An allele that produces its phenotype only in
homozygous form
Reciprocal Cross - Answer ✔✔- A cross in which the phenotypes of the male and
female are reversed compared with a prior cross
Testcross - Answer ✔✔- A cross between homozygous recessive individual and an
individual with the dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype
X-linked - Answer ✔✔- Referring to a gene located on the X chromosome
Y-linked - Answer ✔✔- Referring to a gene located on the Y-chromosome, determine
male-specific development
Autosomal - Answer ✔✔- Referring to a gene located on any non-sex chromosome (an
autosome) or a trait determined by an autosomal gene
Monohybrid Cross - Answer ✔✔- Cross of two plants from pure lines that differ in one
trait, F1 generation only displayed the dominant trait, 3:1 ratio in the F2 generation
Particulate Inheritance - Answer ✔✔- Mendel's hypothesis, hereditary determinant
maintain their integrity from generation to generation, instead of blending together, they
act as discrete entities or particles
Principle of Segregation - Answer ✔✔- The idea that two members of each gene pair
must segregate (separate) into different gametes during gamete formation, confirmed
by monohybrid crosses
Dihybrid Cross - Answer ✔✔- Cross of two plants both heterozygous for two traits,
9:3:3:1 ratio
Principle of Independent Assortment - Answer ✔✔- Alleles of different genes are
transmitted independently of one another, confirmed by dihybird corsses
