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Summary

Financial Regulation Course Summary: Key Insights for Success

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As a student who recently completed a financial regulation course, I created this summary to help others understand the essential concepts and frameworks. It covers key topics such as regulatory bodies, compliance requirements, and risk management strategies. This concise guide is designed to support your studies and exam preparation, making complex regulations more accessible. If you're looking for a practical resource to enhance your understanding of financial regulation, check out my summary on Stuvia. It’s a valuable tool to help you succeed in your coursework!

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Uploaded on
June 16, 2025
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71
Written in
2024/2025
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Summary

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Financial regulation


June 16, 2025




1

,Financial regulation


Contents
0.1 some history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
0.2 Wet op het finanieel toezicht (Wft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
0.3 regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
0.3.1 De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
0.4 ECB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
0.5 single supervisory mechanism (SSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
0.5.1 Most important European Directives/Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
0.6 regulation in the US: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
0.6.1 The Fed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
0.6.2 Office of the comptroller of the currency (OCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
0.6.3 Federal deposit insurance commision (FDIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
0.6.4 Security and exchange commission (SEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

1 Lecture 1: Introduction 16
1.1 reasons for prudential regulation (even in the absence of systemic concerns) . 17

2 Lecture 2: Practitioner’s overview of Financial Policy 20
2.1 Types of crises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2 Financial crisis of 2007-2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.1 Crisis management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.2 Why turned into global financial crisis? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3 European sovereign debt crisis 2012-2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4 Corona crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3 Lecture 3: Adverse selection 23
3.1 minimum standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.1.1 implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2 conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

4 Lecture 4: Bank capital liquidity requirements; risk management 29
4.1 What is bank capital, why capital adequacy standard? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2 Basel I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.2.1 shortcomings of Basel I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.2.2 market risk amendment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.3 Basel II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.3.1 Pillar 1: minimum capital requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.3.2 pillar 2: supervisory review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.3.3 pillar 3: Market discipline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.4 Basel III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.4.1 Basel III: capital buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.4.2 leverage ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.4.3 Liquidity requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

2

,Financial regulation


4.4.4 Governance dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.5 Basel III.5 reform, key elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.6 key takeaways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

5 Lecture 5: Failing banks, bank resolution, deposit insurance frameworks 35
5.1 Why resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.2 International standards: FSB key attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.3 strategies of group resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.4 resolvability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.5 bail-in tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.6 deposit insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.7 key takeaways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

6 Lecture 6: Insurance markets 40
6.1 Underinsurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
6.2 Rothschild-Stiglitz model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6.3 Prudential insurance regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.3.1 Solvency requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.3.2 Three pillars of solvency II directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
6.4 behavioural Insurance regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

7 Lecture 7: Market for control 45
7.1 Toeholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
7.2 takeover defence tactics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
7.3 regulation in the Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
7.4 convex incentives and excessive risk taking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
7.4.1 Clawback provisions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
7.4.2 EU regulation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

8 Lecture 8: The European sovereign debt crisis 52
8.1 crisis hit countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
8.2 Crisis hit countries: Compared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
8.3 What about long term: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
8.4 european banking union as a solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
8.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

9 Lecture 9: Insider trading 57
9.1 insiders and liquidity traders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
9.2 What do the market makers do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
9.3 should insider trading be legal? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
9.4 AFM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
9.5 conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62




3

, Financial regulation


10 Lecture 10: Qantitative easing 63
10.1 introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
10.2 monetary transmission mechanisms at the zero lower bound . . . . . . . . . . . 63
10.3 QE vs Credit easing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
10.3.1 conclutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
10.4 effectiveness of quantitative easing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
10.4.1 Transmission channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
10.5 recent developments in QE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
10.5.1 ECB announced new round of WE on 12 sept 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
10.6 ECB’s response to the coronavirus pandemic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

11 Bank runs 68
11.1 an example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
11.2 problem: bank runs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
11.3 avoiding bank runs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
11.3.1 Suspension of convertibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
11.3.2 lender of last resort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
11.3.3 Bank holiday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
11.3.4 Deposit Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71




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