1|Page
ANOVA CNSL 503 TEST EXAM|| QUESTIONS AND
100% CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED
A+|| LATEST AND COMPLETE UPDATE WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS!!!
What is an ANOVA? - ANSWER: ANOVA is an analysis of variance between
groups (or levels of a factor) or within groups (or error) Whereas t-tests compare
only two sample distributions, ANOVA is capable of comparing many. We
partition the total variance into how group means differ from the grand mean and
how individual observations within groups differ from their group's mean
What are the three assumptions of ANOVA? - ANSWER: 1. independence of
observations 2. normality 3. homogeneity of variance
What is the null hypothesis? - ANSWER: All means are equal
μ1 = μ2 = μ3 = μ4
What is the Alternative (one way) hypothesis? - ANSWER: μ1≠ μ2≠ μ3≠ μ4
(There is at least ONE difference between groups)
What is the F statistic or F ratio? - ANSWER: An F statistic is a value you get
when you run an ANOVA test or a regression analysis to find out if the means
between two populations are significantly different. It's similar to a T statistic from
a T-Test; A-T test will tell you if a single variable is statistically significant and an
F test will tell you if a group of variables are jointly significant.
Sum of squares - ANSWER: The residual sum of squares is used to help you
decide if a statistical model is a good fit for your data. It measures the overall
difference between your data and the values predicted by your estimation model (a
"residual" is a measure of the distance from a data point to a regression line). The
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sum of the squared deviations, (X-Xbar)², is also called the sum of squares or more
simply SS. SS represents the sum of squared differences from the mean and is an
extremely important term in statistics. Variance. The sum of squares gives rise to
variance. In statistical data analysis the total sum of squares (TSS or SST) is a
quantity that appears as part of a standard way of presenting results of such
analyses. It is defined as being the sum, over all observations, of the squared
differences of each observation from the overall mean. Can calculate the sums of
squares TOTAL, WITHIN, and BETWEEN
What is the mean square formula? - ANSWER: Mean Square=
Sum of Squares divided by its degrees of freedom
In ANOVA, mean squares are used to determine whether factors (treatments) are
significant.
Represents the variation between the sample means.
What is the purpose of a post-hoc test? - ANSWER: Purpose: Discover which
pairs of scores are significantly different
-Preserves FAMILY-WISE PROTECTION against Type I error
When do you look at post-hoc tests? - ANSWER: ONLY IF overall F value is
significant
What is a 2 way ANOVA? - ANSWER: 2 independent variables
What are the # of levels?
Ex:
, 3|Page
You want to know how gait speed varies based on age and gender.
Define IV, DV, and levels. - ANSWER: # of groups within each independent
variable
DV: Gait speed
IV: Age and Gender
3 levels (groups) for age
2 levels (groups) for gender
You want to test for sex differences in gait velocity among 3 age groups used
earlier.
What is the "main effect"? - ANSWER: Average effect for each independent
variable.
Main effect for sex (combing all ages)
"What is the effect of sex on gait speed? Is there a difference in gait speed if you're
male versus female? Do men and women have different gaits speeds?"
Main effect for age (combining both genders)?
"Does gait speed depend on age?"
What is the interaction ? - ANSWER: Is there an interaction BETWEEN the
independent variables?
Analyze all subgroups for significant differences
ANOVA CNSL 503 TEST EXAM|| QUESTIONS AND
100% CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED
A+|| LATEST AND COMPLETE UPDATE WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS!!!
What is an ANOVA? - ANSWER: ANOVA is an analysis of variance between
groups (or levels of a factor) or within groups (or error) Whereas t-tests compare
only two sample distributions, ANOVA is capable of comparing many. We
partition the total variance into how group means differ from the grand mean and
how individual observations within groups differ from their group's mean
What are the three assumptions of ANOVA? - ANSWER: 1. independence of
observations 2. normality 3. homogeneity of variance
What is the null hypothesis? - ANSWER: All means are equal
μ1 = μ2 = μ3 = μ4
What is the Alternative (one way) hypothesis? - ANSWER: μ1≠ μ2≠ μ3≠ μ4
(There is at least ONE difference between groups)
What is the F statistic or F ratio? - ANSWER: An F statistic is a value you get
when you run an ANOVA test or a regression analysis to find out if the means
between two populations are significantly different. It's similar to a T statistic from
a T-Test; A-T test will tell you if a single variable is statistically significant and an
F test will tell you if a group of variables are jointly significant.
Sum of squares - ANSWER: The residual sum of squares is used to help you
decide if a statistical model is a good fit for your data. It measures the overall
difference between your data and the values predicted by your estimation model (a
"residual" is a measure of the distance from a data point to a regression line). The
,2|Page
sum of the squared deviations, (X-Xbar)², is also called the sum of squares or more
simply SS. SS represents the sum of squared differences from the mean and is an
extremely important term in statistics. Variance. The sum of squares gives rise to
variance. In statistical data analysis the total sum of squares (TSS or SST) is a
quantity that appears as part of a standard way of presenting results of such
analyses. It is defined as being the sum, over all observations, of the squared
differences of each observation from the overall mean. Can calculate the sums of
squares TOTAL, WITHIN, and BETWEEN
What is the mean square formula? - ANSWER: Mean Square=
Sum of Squares divided by its degrees of freedom
In ANOVA, mean squares are used to determine whether factors (treatments) are
significant.
Represents the variation between the sample means.
What is the purpose of a post-hoc test? - ANSWER: Purpose: Discover which
pairs of scores are significantly different
-Preserves FAMILY-WISE PROTECTION against Type I error
When do you look at post-hoc tests? - ANSWER: ONLY IF overall F value is
significant
What is a 2 way ANOVA? - ANSWER: 2 independent variables
What are the # of levels?
Ex:
, 3|Page
You want to know how gait speed varies based on age and gender.
Define IV, DV, and levels. - ANSWER: # of groups within each independent
variable
DV: Gait speed
IV: Age and Gender
3 levels (groups) for age
2 levels (groups) for gender
You want to test for sex differences in gait velocity among 3 age groups used
earlier.
What is the "main effect"? - ANSWER: Average effect for each independent
variable.
Main effect for sex (combing all ages)
"What is the effect of sex on gait speed? Is there a difference in gait speed if you're
male versus female? Do men and women have different gaits speeds?"
Main effect for age (combining both genders)?
"Does gait speed depend on age?"
What is the interaction ? - ANSWER: Is there an interaction BETWEEN the
independent variables?
Analyze all subgroups for significant differences
