ACS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LATEST
2025 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED
A+.
⫸ naming straight chain alkyl groups. Answer: 1. identify the
corresponding alkane
2. replace the suffix ane with yl
⫸ naming branched alkyl groups. Answer: 1. identify the main chain of the
branched alkyl group. this is the longest continuous chain of carbons
beginning at sub point of attachment
2. assign the alkyl group's root name (ethyl, propyl, etc)
3. number the carbons of the branched alkyl groups main chain
4. add prefixes and locator numbers
* put the entire name of a branched alkyl group in ()
the prefixes are apart of the name now so put them alphabetically first
⫸ establishing the root of a molecule containing a carbon ring. Answer: 1.
distinguish ring carbons from chain carbons. a carbon that is a part of a ring
is not counted as part of a chain
2. compare the # of carbon atoms in the carbon ring to the # in the longest
continuous chain
- if the ring has as many or more carbons than the longest chain, the ring
establishes the root as a cyclohexane
- otherwise, the longest continuous carbon chain establishes the root and
the ring is treated as a cycloalkyl substituent
,⫸ if root is cycloalkane. Answer: C1 has greatest # of substituents
numbering increases clockwise or counterclockwise around the ring so
that the next substituent is encountered the earliest
⫸ alkoxy group. Answer: an -OR group
⫸ naming an ether. Answer: 1. establish the root. alkane or cyclohexane
that has the same # of carbons as the main chain or ring is assigned the
root.
2. name the alkoxy group and remove the suffix yl from the name of the
corresponding alkyl or cycloalkyl group and add suffix oxy.
- ex: -OCH3 is the methoxy group
⫸ alkene. Answer: C=C double bond (ene)
⫸ alkyne. Answer: carbon-carbon triple bond
⫸ amine. Answer: R-NH2
⫸ alcohol. Answer: R-OH
⫸ ether. Answer: R-O-R
⫸ alkyl halide. Answer: -X (halo group)
⫸ thiol. Answer: R-SH
, ⫸ aldehyde. Answer: CH=O
⫸ ketone. Answer: R-C=O-R
⫸ Aufbau Principle. Answer: each successive electron must fill the lowest
energy orbital available
⫸ Hund's Rule. Answer: before a second electron can be paired in the same
orbital, all other orbits at the same energy must contain a single electron
⫸ valence electrons. Answer: occupy the highest energy
ex: carbon is the n=2 shell
⫸ core electrons. Answer: occupy the remaining lower energy shells of the
atom
ex: carbon occupy n=1 shell
⫸ # of valence electrons. Answer: group #
⫸ As bond strength increases, bond length _______.. Answer: decreases
⫸ covalent bond. Answer: two or more nonmetal atoms toward share
electrons
⫸ ionic bond. Answer: a nonmetal gains an electron/s to become and anion
while a metal loses an electron/s to become a cation. electrostatic attraction
bw anion and cation forms ionic bond
2025 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED
A+.
⫸ naming straight chain alkyl groups. Answer: 1. identify the
corresponding alkane
2. replace the suffix ane with yl
⫸ naming branched alkyl groups. Answer: 1. identify the main chain of the
branched alkyl group. this is the longest continuous chain of carbons
beginning at sub point of attachment
2. assign the alkyl group's root name (ethyl, propyl, etc)
3. number the carbons of the branched alkyl groups main chain
4. add prefixes and locator numbers
* put the entire name of a branched alkyl group in ()
the prefixes are apart of the name now so put them alphabetically first
⫸ establishing the root of a molecule containing a carbon ring. Answer: 1.
distinguish ring carbons from chain carbons. a carbon that is a part of a ring
is not counted as part of a chain
2. compare the # of carbon atoms in the carbon ring to the # in the longest
continuous chain
- if the ring has as many or more carbons than the longest chain, the ring
establishes the root as a cyclohexane
- otherwise, the longest continuous carbon chain establishes the root and
the ring is treated as a cycloalkyl substituent
,⫸ if root is cycloalkane. Answer: C1 has greatest # of substituents
numbering increases clockwise or counterclockwise around the ring so
that the next substituent is encountered the earliest
⫸ alkoxy group. Answer: an -OR group
⫸ naming an ether. Answer: 1. establish the root. alkane or cyclohexane
that has the same # of carbons as the main chain or ring is assigned the
root.
2. name the alkoxy group and remove the suffix yl from the name of the
corresponding alkyl or cycloalkyl group and add suffix oxy.
- ex: -OCH3 is the methoxy group
⫸ alkene. Answer: C=C double bond (ene)
⫸ alkyne. Answer: carbon-carbon triple bond
⫸ amine. Answer: R-NH2
⫸ alcohol. Answer: R-OH
⫸ ether. Answer: R-O-R
⫸ alkyl halide. Answer: -X (halo group)
⫸ thiol. Answer: R-SH
, ⫸ aldehyde. Answer: CH=O
⫸ ketone. Answer: R-C=O-R
⫸ Aufbau Principle. Answer: each successive electron must fill the lowest
energy orbital available
⫸ Hund's Rule. Answer: before a second electron can be paired in the same
orbital, all other orbits at the same energy must contain a single electron
⫸ valence electrons. Answer: occupy the highest energy
ex: carbon is the n=2 shell
⫸ core electrons. Answer: occupy the remaining lower energy shells of the
atom
ex: carbon occupy n=1 shell
⫸ # of valence electrons. Answer: group #
⫸ As bond strength increases, bond length _______.. Answer: decreases
⫸ covalent bond. Answer: two or more nonmetal atoms toward share
electrons
⫸ ionic bond. Answer: a nonmetal gains an electron/s to become and anion
while a metal loses an electron/s to become a cation. electrostatic attraction
bw anion and cation forms ionic bond
