PTA FSBPT
ATP- PC System - answer this energy system is used for atp production during High
intensity short duration exercise. Phosphocreatine decomposes and releases a large
amount of energy to construct ATP
How long does the ATP PC system provide energy for muscle contraction? - answer15
seconds
Phosphate system represents most available source of ATP for muscle why? - answer1.
it does not depend on a long series of chemical reactions
2. it does not depend on transporting the oxygen we breathe to the working muscles
3. both ATP and PC are stored directly within the contractile mechanisms of the muscle
Kinesiology: What is Anatomical Position? - answerAnatomical position is an erect
posture of the body with the face forward feet pointing forward and slightly apart, arms
at the side and palms forward with fingers and thums in extension. this is a point of
reference including for the cardinal planes and associated axes
Planes of the Body? - answer3 Cardinal Planes: Frontal, sagittal, transverse. Occur in 3
corresponding axes: anterior posterior, medial lateral, veritcal
Anaerobic Glycolysis? - answerAn energy system which is a major supplier of ATP
during High Intensity workouts, short duration activities such as sprinting. Stored
glycogen is split into glucose and through glycolysis split again into pyruvic acid. this
energy is released to form ATP. This process results in the formations of lactic acid
which causes muscle fatigue
Anaerobic Glycolysis vs ATP-PC systems - answerAnerobic is 50% slower than the
phosphocreatine system. and can provide a person with 30 to 40 seconds of muscle
contraction. this is because
1.it does not require the presence of oxygen
2. it only uses carbohydrates ( glycogen and glucose)
3. it releases enough energy for the resyntheses of only small amounts of ATP
Aerobic Metabolism - answerused predominantly during low intensity long duration
exercise such as a marathon
this system provides energy though oxidation of food: combination of fatty acids amino
acids and glucose with oxygen releases energy that forms ATP
Frontal plane or Coronal - answerDivides body into anterior and posterior sections.
Motions in the plane such as abduction and adduction occur around an anterior
posterior axis
,Sagittal plane - answerThis plane divides body into right and left sections. Motions in
this plane such as flexion extension occur aorund a medial lateral axis
Transverse Plane - answerThe Transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower
sections. Motions in this plane are medial and lateral rotation which occur around a
vertical axis.
Fibrous joints are composed of? - answerAre composed of bones that are united by
fibrous tissue and are nonsynovial. Movement is minimal to none permitted at the joint
dependent on the length of the fibers uniting the bone.
Suture? - answerUnion of two bones by a ligament or membrane
immovable joint
eventual fusion is termed synostosis
E,G: sagittal suture of the skull
Syndesmosis - answerE, g, Tibia and fibula with interosseous membrane
Bone connected to bone by a dens fibrous membrane or cord
very little motion
Gomphosis - answerE;G, Tooth in its socket
Two Boney sufaces connect as a peg in a hole
the teeth and corresponding sockets in the mandible/maxilla are the only gomphosis
joints in the body
the periodontal membrane is the fibrouse componenet of the joint
Cartilaginous joints or Amphiarthroses? - answerthis has hyaline cartilage or
fibrocartilage that connects one bone to another: they are slightly movable
Synchondrosis- E.g.? - answerE.g. : sternum and true rib articulation
1. Hyaline cartilage
2. cartilage adjoins two ossifying centers of bone
3. provides stability during growth
4. May ossify to a synostosis once growth is completed
5. Slight motion
Symphysis? E.g? 4 components? - answerE.G. pubic symphysis
1. generally located at the midline of the body
2. Two bones covered with hyaline cartilage
3. two bones connected by fibrocartilage
4. slight motion
,Synovial joints or Diarthroses? - answerDefine: Synovial joints provide free movement
between the bones they join. 5 distinguishing characteristics:
- Joint cavity -articular cartilage -synovial membrane - synovial fluid -and fibrous
capsule.
Most complex and vulnerable to injury and are classified further by the type of
movement and shape of articulating bones
Uniaxial Joint, Motions? - answer1 motion around a single axis in one plane of the body
-Hinge ( ginglymus) elbow joint
-Pivot (trochoid) atlantoaxial joint
Biaxial Joint, Motions? - answerMovement occurs in two planes around two axes
through the convex/concave surfaces
-Condyoid- metacarpophalangeal joint of a finger
-Saddle- carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
Multi-axial joint, motions? - answerMovement occurs in three planes and around three
axes
-Plane ( gliding)- carpal joints
- Ball and socket - hip joint.
Note PG 48 & 50 for Table Labeling Actions & Movements per muscle groups. -
answerHead-spine-Upper extremity-lower extremity
MUSCLE USED IN: SHOULDER EXTENSION - answerLAT DORSI, POST. DELT,
TERES MAJOR
MUSCLE USED IN: SHOULDER ABDUCTION - answerMIDDLE DELT,
SUPRASPINATUS
Glenoid Labrum. what does it consist of? - answerIt is a Fibro Cartilaginous structure
that serves to deepen the GLENOID FOSSA, and increase the size of articular surface
The labrum consists of a dense fibrous connective tissue that is often damaged due to
recurrent shoulder instability
Joint Capsule- What are the Characteristics? - answer1.this arises from the glenoid
fossa and the glenoid labrum to blend muscles of the rotator cuff.
2.the volume of the capsule is twice as large as the humeral head
3.the capsule is renforced by the glenohumeral ligaments and the coracohumeral
ligament
, Subacromial Bursa: characteristics? - answerThis Extends over the supraspinatus
tendon and distal muscle belly beneath the acromion and deltoid muscle
2. the bursa facilitates movement of the deltoid muscle over the fibrous capusle of the
shoulder joint and supraspinatus tendon
3. the bursa is often involved with impingement beneath acromial arch.
what is Capsular Pattern? - answera series of limitations of joint movement when the
joint capsule is a limiting structure. An example is the range in glenohumeral joints, from
flexion as the least limited movement to external rotation as the most limited movement
what is Osteokinematic mean? - answerto name the movements that occur between
bones at synovial joints around a Joint axis
Subscapular bursa Characteristics? - answerThis Overlies the anterior joint capsule and
lies beneath the subscapularis muscle.
Anterior shoulder fullness may indicate articular effusion secondary to distention of the
bursa
What is Joint Effusion - answerjoint effusion is the presence of increased intra-articular
fluid.[1] It may affect any joint. Commonly it involves the knee
Define Distention? - answerthe state of being distended, enlarged, swollen from internal
pressure
MUSCLE USED IN: SHOULDER ADDUCTION - answerPEC MAJOR, LAT DORSI,
TERES MAJOR
MUSCLE USED IN: SCAPULAR ELEVATION - answerUPPER TRAP, LEVATOR
SCAPULAE
MUSCLE USED IN: SCAPULAR DEPRESSION - answerLAT DORSI, PEC MAJ, ANT.
DELT
RADIOHUMERAL JOINT:
OSTEOKINEMATIC MOTIONS:
LOOSE PACKED POSITION:
CLOSE PACK POSITION:
CAPSULAR PATTERN: - answerFLEXION, EXTENSION, PRONATION, SUPINATION
ATP- PC System - answer this energy system is used for atp production during High
intensity short duration exercise. Phosphocreatine decomposes and releases a large
amount of energy to construct ATP
How long does the ATP PC system provide energy for muscle contraction? - answer15
seconds
Phosphate system represents most available source of ATP for muscle why? - answer1.
it does not depend on a long series of chemical reactions
2. it does not depend on transporting the oxygen we breathe to the working muscles
3. both ATP and PC are stored directly within the contractile mechanisms of the muscle
Kinesiology: What is Anatomical Position? - answerAnatomical position is an erect
posture of the body with the face forward feet pointing forward and slightly apart, arms
at the side and palms forward with fingers and thums in extension. this is a point of
reference including for the cardinal planes and associated axes
Planes of the Body? - answer3 Cardinal Planes: Frontal, sagittal, transverse. Occur in 3
corresponding axes: anterior posterior, medial lateral, veritcal
Anaerobic Glycolysis? - answerAn energy system which is a major supplier of ATP
during High Intensity workouts, short duration activities such as sprinting. Stored
glycogen is split into glucose and through glycolysis split again into pyruvic acid. this
energy is released to form ATP. This process results in the formations of lactic acid
which causes muscle fatigue
Anaerobic Glycolysis vs ATP-PC systems - answerAnerobic is 50% slower than the
phosphocreatine system. and can provide a person with 30 to 40 seconds of muscle
contraction. this is because
1.it does not require the presence of oxygen
2. it only uses carbohydrates ( glycogen and glucose)
3. it releases enough energy for the resyntheses of only small amounts of ATP
Aerobic Metabolism - answerused predominantly during low intensity long duration
exercise such as a marathon
this system provides energy though oxidation of food: combination of fatty acids amino
acids and glucose with oxygen releases energy that forms ATP
Frontal plane or Coronal - answerDivides body into anterior and posterior sections.
Motions in the plane such as abduction and adduction occur around an anterior
posterior axis
,Sagittal plane - answerThis plane divides body into right and left sections. Motions in
this plane such as flexion extension occur aorund a medial lateral axis
Transverse Plane - answerThe Transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower
sections. Motions in this plane are medial and lateral rotation which occur around a
vertical axis.
Fibrous joints are composed of? - answerAre composed of bones that are united by
fibrous tissue and are nonsynovial. Movement is minimal to none permitted at the joint
dependent on the length of the fibers uniting the bone.
Suture? - answerUnion of two bones by a ligament or membrane
immovable joint
eventual fusion is termed synostosis
E,G: sagittal suture of the skull
Syndesmosis - answerE, g, Tibia and fibula with interosseous membrane
Bone connected to bone by a dens fibrous membrane or cord
very little motion
Gomphosis - answerE;G, Tooth in its socket
Two Boney sufaces connect as a peg in a hole
the teeth and corresponding sockets in the mandible/maxilla are the only gomphosis
joints in the body
the periodontal membrane is the fibrouse componenet of the joint
Cartilaginous joints or Amphiarthroses? - answerthis has hyaline cartilage or
fibrocartilage that connects one bone to another: they are slightly movable
Synchondrosis- E.g.? - answerE.g. : sternum and true rib articulation
1. Hyaline cartilage
2. cartilage adjoins two ossifying centers of bone
3. provides stability during growth
4. May ossify to a synostosis once growth is completed
5. Slight motion
Symphysis? E.g? 4 components? - answerE.G. pubic symphysis
1. generally located at the midline of the body
2. Two bones covered with hyaline cartilage
3. two bones connected by fibrocartilage
4. slight motion
,Synovial joints or Diarthroses? - answerDefine: Synovial joints provide free movement
between the bones they join. 5 distinguishing characteristics:
- Joint cavity -articular cartilage -synovial membrane - synovial fluid -and fibrous
capsule.
Most complex and vulnerable to injury and are classified further by the type of
movement and shape of articulating bones
Uniaxial Joint, Motions? - answer1 motion around a single axis in one plane of the body
-Hinge ( ginglymus) elbow joint
-Pivot (trochoid) atlantoaxial joint
Biaxial Joint, Motions? - answerMovement occurs in two planes around two axes
through the convex/concave surfaces
-Condyoid- metacarpophalangeal joint of a finger
-Saddle- carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
Multi-axial joint, motions? - answerMovement occurs in three planes and around three
axes
-Plane ( gliding)- carpal joints
- Ball and socket - hip joint.
Note PG 48 & 50 for Table Labeling Actions & Movements per muscle groups. -
answerHead-spine-Upper extremity-lower extremity
MUSCLE USED IN: SHOULDER EXTENSION - answerLAT DORSI, POST. DELT,
TERES MAJOR
MUSCLE USED IN: SHOULDER ABDUCTION - answerMIDDLE DELT,
SUPRASPINATUS
Glenoid Labrum. what does it consist of? - answerIt is a Fibro Cartilaginous structure
that serves to deepen the GLENOID FOSSA, and increase the size of articular surface
The labrum consists of a dense fibrous connective tissue that is often damaged due to
recurrent shoulder instability
Joint Capsule- What are the Characteristics? - answer1.this arises from the glenoid
fossa and the glenoid labrum to blend muscles of the rotator cuff.
2.the volume of the capsule is twice as large as the humeral head
3.the capsule is renforced by the glenohumeral ligaments and the coracohumeral
ligament
, Subacromial Bursa: characteristics? - answerThis Extends over the supraspinatus
tendon and distal muscle belly beneath the acromion and deltoid muscle
2. the bursa facilitates movement of the deltoid muscle over the fibrous capusle of the
shoulder joint and supraspinatus tendon
3. the bursa is often involved with impingement beneath acromial arch.
what is Capsular Pattern? - answera series of limitations of joint movement when the
joint capsule is a limiting structure. An example is the range in glenohumeral joints, from
flexion as the least limited movement to external rotation as the most limited movement
what is Osteokinematic mean? - answerto name the movements that occur between
bones at synovial joints around a Joint axis
Subscapular bursa Characteristics? - answerThis Overlies the anterior joint capsule and
lies beneath the subscapularis muscle.
Anterior shoulder fullness may indicate articular effusion secondary to distention of the
bursa
What is Joint Effusion - answerjoint effusion is the presence of increased intra-articular
fluid.[1] It may affect any joint. Commonly it involves the knee
Define Distention? - answerthe state of being distended, enlarged, swollen from internal
pressure
MUSCLE USED IN: SHOULDER ADDUCTION - answerPEC MAJOR, LAT DORSI,
TERES MAJOR
MUSCLE USED IN: SCAPULAR ELEVATION - answerUPPER TRAP, LEVATOR
SCAPULAE
MUSCLE USED IN: SCAPULAR DEPRESSION - answerLAT DORSI, PEC MAJ, ANT.
DELT
RADIOHUMERAL JOINT:
OSTEOKINEMATIC MOTIONS:
LOOSE PACKED POSITION:
CLOSE PACK POSITION:
CAPSULAR PATTERN: - answerFLEXION, EXTENSION, PRONATION, SUPINATION
