FSBPT section 4
Which of the following is an ABNORMAL response to aerobic exercise?
1. Increase in respiratory rate
2. Decrease in systolic blood pressure
3. Increase in pulse rate
4. Minimal change in diastolic pressure - answer1. An increase in respiratory rate is a
normal, expected response (p. 773.e326).
Correct:
2. A significant drop in systolic pressure in response to an increasing workload is an
abnormal response and requires stopping of aerobic activity (p. 773.e329).
3. An increase in pulse rate is a normal, expected response (p. 773.e325).
4. A minimal change in diastolic pressure is a normal, expected response (p. 773.e328).
If a patient is able to resist moderate pressure against elbow flexion during seated
muscle testing, the elbow flexor strength should be documented as:
1. Good (4/5).
2. Normal (5/5).
3. Poor (2/5).
4. Fair (3/5). - answerCorrect:
1. The ability to resist moderate pressure against gravity through the full range of motion
is consistent with a grade of Good (4/5) elbow flexor strength.
2. Normal (5/5) elbow flexor strength requires the ability to maintain end-point range
against maximum resistance.
3. Poor (2/5) elbow flexor strength is indicated by the ability to move through full range
of motion with gravity minimized.
4. Fair (3/5) elbow flexor strength is indicated by the ability to move through full range of
motion against only the resistance of gravity.
A postsurgical patient is referred for strengthening exercises for hip extension combined
with passive range of motion exercises for hip flexion for the same limb in the pool. How
should the physical therapist assistant instruct the patient to exercise in the water?
1. Stand on the uninvolved leg. Allow the involved-side knee to float up toward the
surface. Push the foot back down to the bottom of the pool.
2. Stand on the involved leg. Bend the uninvolved hip and knee to perform a mini-squat.
Relax and float back up into standing.
3. Stand on the uninvolved leg. Allow the involved leg to float to the side toward the
surface. Push the foot back down to the bottom of the pool.
4. Stand on the involved leg. Allow the uninvolved knee to float up toward the surface.
Push the foot down to the bottom of the pool. - answerCorrect:
,1. Buoyancy of the water allows the hip to passively flex by floating to the top; then the
hip extensors are actively strengthened by pushing the foot back down.
2. Mini-squats in the pool would provide buoyancy-assisted hip extension and resisted
hip flexion. This is the opposite of what is desired.
3. Raising the leg to the side and pushing the foot back down would strengthen the hip
abductors, not the hip flexors.
4. Static standing on the involved leg will not promote range of motion.
In order to accelerate a power-driven wheelchair, a patient with spastic quadriplegia
secondary to cerebral palsy extends his head and thereby extends his upper extremity.
Which reflex is the patient using to accelerate his wheelchair?
1. Symmetrical tonic neck reflex
2. Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
3. Protective extension reflex
4. Tonic labyrinthine reflex - answerCorrect:
1. In the symmetrical tonic neck reflex, extending the head elicits arm extension
(O'Sullivan, p. 150).
2. Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex requires head rotation to elicit limb response
(O'Sullivan, p. 150).
3. The protective extension reflex is a reaction to loss of balance (O'Sullivan, p. 244).
4. The tonic labyrinthine reflex is elicited in prone or supine positions (O'Sullivan, p.
150).
While walking, a patient with muscular dystrophy is beginning to show signs of toe
walking. Which of the following should be a component of the current treatment?
1. Assist the patient's family with wheelchair selection and use.
2. Modify the home environment to facilitate care.
3. Incorporate stretching exercises into a home program.
4. Modify orthoses and provide an assistive device to facilitate walking. - answer1. The
patient is ambulatory and therefore does not need a wheelchair (pp. 252-253).
2. Modification of the home environment is not appropriate for a patient at this level of
function (pp. 254-255).
Correct:
3. Stretching exercises to slow the development of contractures will help maintain
ambulation (pp. 248, 250).
4. The patient does not wear orthoses and would not need an assistive device at this
level of function (pp. 251-252).
A physical therapist assistant is measuring the active range of motion of a patient's knee
following total knee arthroplasty. The patient lacks 20° of full knee extension and has
87° of knee flexion. How should this be documented as a range?
1. -20° to 87°
, 2. 20° to 0° to 87°
3. -20° to 0° to 87°
4. 20° to 87° - answer1. The patient cannot achieve 0°; -20° is beyond 0°.
2. The patient cannot achieve 0°.
3. The patient cannot achieve 0°.
Correct:
4. Range of motion for a patient who lacks 20° of full knee extension and has 87° of
knee flexion should be documented 20° to 87°. No negative sign is needed for 20°.
A patient who has degenerative joint disease of the lumbosacral spine reports pain in
the belly of the gastrocnemius muscle. This pain may result from compression of the
nerve root at which of the following spinal levels?
1. L4
2. L5
3. S2
4. S3 - answer1. The dermatome for L4 is along the medial leg, not the posterior leg.
2. The dermatome for L5 is along the lateral aspect of the leg to the dorsum of the foot,
not the posterior leg.
Correct:
3. S2 innervates the gastrocnemius. The dermatome for this nerve root includes the
posterior leg.
4. The dermatome of S3 includes the groin and medial thigh to the knee, not the
posterior leg.
Which of the following exercises would be MOST appropriate for a patient who
excessively flexes the right knee from heel strike (initial contact) to foot flat (loading
response) during the gait cycle?
1. Open-chain resisted hamstring curls with weights
2. Closed-chain calf stretches
3. Closed-chain resisted terminal knee extension
4. Open-chain quadriceps setting - answer1. The patient's gait deviation is associated
with weak quadriceps, not weak hamstrings.
2. Stretching the calf muscles would not strengthen the muscles that are most likely
weak and are contributing to the gait deviation.
Correct:
3. The stem describes a gait deviation characteristic of quadriceps weakness. Closed-
chain resisted terminal knee extension exercises would address this weakness.
4. Closed-chain terminal knee extension exercises are much more functional than open-
chain quadriceps setting.
Which of the following is true about tilt-in-space wheelchairs?
Which of the following is an ABNORMAL response to aerobic exercise?
1. Increase in respiratory rate
2. Decrease in systolic blood pressure
3. Increase in pulse rate
4. Minimal change in diastolic pressure - answer1. An increase in respiratory rate is a
normal, expected response (p. 773.e326).
Correct:
2. A significant drop in systolic pressure in response to an increasing workload is an
abnormal response and requires stopping of aerobic activity (p. 773.e329).
3. An increase in pulse rate is a normal, expected response (p. 773.e325).
4. A minimal change in diastolic pressure is a normal, expected response (p. 773.e328).
If a patient is able to resist moderate pressure against elbow flexion during seated
muscle testing, the elbow flexor strength should be documented as:
1. Good (4/5).
2. Normal (5/5).
3. Poor (2/5).
4. Fair (3/5). - answerCorrect:
1. The ability to resist moderate pressure against gravity through the full range of motion
is consistent with a grade of Good (4/5) elbow flexor strength.
2. Normal (5/5) elbow flexor strength requires the ability to maintain end-point range
against maximum resistance.
3. Poor (2/5) elbow flexor strength is indicated by the ability to move through full range
of motion with gravity minimized.
4. Fair (3/5) elbow flexor strength is indicated by the ability to move through full range of
motion against only the resistance of gravity.
A postsurgical patient is referred for strengthening exercises for hip extension combined
with passive range of motion exercises for hip flexion for the same limb in the pool. How
should the physical therapist assistant instruct the patient to exercise in the water?
1. Stand on the uninvolved leg. Allow the involved-side knee to float up toward the
surface. Push the foot back down to the bottom of the pool.
2. Stand on the involved leg. Bend the uninvolved hip and knee to perform a mini-squat.
Relax and float back up into standing.
3. Stand on the uninvolved leg. Allow the involved leg to float to the side toward the
surface. Push the foot back down to the bottom of the pool.
4. Stand on the involved leg. Allow the uninvolved knee to float up toward the surface.
Push the foot down to the bottom of the pool. - answerCorrect:
,1. Buoyancy of the water allows the hip to passively flex by floating to the top; then the
hip extensors are actively strengthened by pushing the foot back down.
2. Mini-squats in the pool would provide buoyancy-assisted hip extension and resisted
hip flexion. This is the opposite of what is desired.
3. Raising the leg to the side and pushing the foot back down would strengthen the hip
abductors, not the hip flexors.
4. Static standing on the involved leg will not promote range of motion.
In order to accelerate a power-driven wheelchair, a patient with spastic quadriplegia
secondary to cerebral palsy extends his head and thereby extends his upper extremity.
Which reflex is the patient using to accelerate his wheelchair?
1. Symmetrical tonic neck reflex
2. Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
3. Protective extension reflex
4. Tonic labyrinthine reflex - answerCorrect:
1. In the symmetrical tonic neck reflex, extending the head elicits arm extension
(O'Sullivan, p. 150).
2. Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex requires head rotation to elicit limb response
(O'Sullivan, p. 150).
3. The protective extension reflex is a reaction to loss of balance (O'Sullivan, p. 244).
4. The tonic labyrinthine reflex is elicited in prone or supine positions (O'Sullivan, p.
150).
While walking, a patient with muscular dystrophy is beginning to show signs of toe
walking. Which of the following should be a component of the current treatment?
1. Assist the patient's family with wheelchair selection and use.
2. Modify the home environment to facilitate care.
3. Incorporate stretching exercises into a home program.
4. Modify orthoses and provide an assistive device to facilitate walking. - answer1. The
patient is ambulatory and therefore does not need a wheelchair (pp. 252-253).
2. Modification of the home environment is not appropriate for a patient at this level of
function (pp. 254-255).
Correct:
3. Stretching exercises to slow the development of contractures will help maintain
ambulation (pp. 248, 250).
4. The patient does not wear orthoses and would not need an assistive device at this
level of function (pp. 251-252).
A physical therapist assistant is measuring the active range of motion of a patient's knee
following total knee arthroplasty. The patient lacks 20° of full knee extension and has
87° of knee flexion. How should this be documented as a range?
1. -20° to 87°
, 2. 20° to 0° to 87°
3. -20° to 0° to 87°
4. 20° to 87° - answer1. The patient cannot achieve 0°; -20° is beyond 0°.
2. The patient cannot achieve 0°.
3. The patient cannot achieve 0°.
Correct:
4. Range of motion for a patient who lacks 20° of full knee extension and has 87° of
knee flexion should be documented 20° to 87°. No negative sign is needed for 20°.
A patient who has degenerative joint disease of the lumbosacral spine reports pain in
the belly of the gastrocnemius muscle. This pain may result from compression of the
nerve root at which of the following spinal levels?
1. L4
2. L5
3. S2
4. S3 - answer1. The dermatome for L4 is along the medial leg, not the posterior leg.
2. The dermatome for L5 is along the lateral aspect of the leg to the dorsum of the foot,
not the posterior leg.
Correct:
3. S2 innervates the gastrocnemius. The dermatome for this nerve root includes the
posterior leg.
4. The dermatome of S3 includes the groin and medial thigh to the knee, not the
posterior leg.
Which of the following exercises would be MOST appropriate for a patient who
excessively flexes the right knee from heel strike (initial contact) to foot flat (loading
response) during the gait cycle?
1. Open-chain resisted hamstring curls with weights
2. Closed-chain calf stretches
3. Closed-chain resisted terminal knee extension
4. Open-chain quadriceps setting - answer1. The patient's gait deviation is associated
with weak quadriceps, not weak hamstrings.
2. Stretching the calf muscles would not strengthen the muscles that are most likely
weak and are contributing to the gait deviation.
Correct:
3. The stem describes a gait deviation characteristic of quadriceps weakness. Closed-
chain resisted terminal knee extension exercises would address this weakness.
4. Closed-chain terminal knee extension exercises are much more functional than open-
chain quadriceps setting.
Which of the following is true about tilt-in-space wheelchairs?
