EXAM 3: RIO BIO 202, 2025/2026 WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
alimentary organs (descending order) - CORRECT ANSWERS-
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine
accessory organs - CORRECT ANSWERS- teeth, tongue, salivary
glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas
three chemical buffer systems - CORRECT ANSWERS-
bicarbonate, phosphate, protein
bicarbonate buffer system - CORRECT ANSWERS- carbonic acid
and sodium bicarbonate in the same solution, buffers ECF & ICF.
strong acid causes ions to act as weak bases, forming more
carbonic acid.
phosphate buffer system - CORRECT ANSWERS- dihydrogen
phosphate and monohydrogen are involved, this is i/6th of the
bicarbonate system. very important in ICF
protein buffer system - CORRECT ANSWERS- 3/4 of all buffering
power, involves proteins in plasma, hemoglobin is an example
,respiratory acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS- artery CO2 levels
above 45 mm Hg, occurs when breath is shallow (pneumonia,
cystic fibrosis, emphysema) causing CO2 to accumulate in the
blood, and pH to fall.
respiratory alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS- artery CO2 lower than
35 mm Hg, CO2 is eliminated faster than it is produced
(hyperventilation), causing pH to rise.
metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS- low blood pH and
HCO3- (bicarbonate) levels below 22 mEq/L, caused by alcohol,
diarrhea, lactic acid accumulation, shock, kidney failure.
metabolic alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS- rising blood pH and
HCO3- (bicarbonate) levels above 26 mEq/L, uncommon, caused
by vomiting and antacids.
male copulatory organ - CORRECT ANSWERS- penis, spongy
network of connective tissue and smooth muscle with vascular
spaces
bulk of penis - CORRECT ANSWERS- corpus cavernosa
surrounds the urethra in males - CORRECT ANSWERS- corpus
spongiosum
, tunics surrounding testes - CORRECT ANSWERS- tunica vaginalis
(exterior from peritoneum), tunica albuginea (interior)
actual sperm factories - CORRECT ANSWERS- tightly coiled
seminiferous tubules made of stratified epithelium and a lumen,
contains spermatogenic cells embedded in columnar cells
(sustendocytes)
epididymis - CORRECT ANSWERS- storage area for sperm
male accessory organs - CORRECT ANSWERS- glands, ducts,
penis
hormonal regulation of testicular formation - CORRECT ANSWERS-
testosterone activates specific genes, enhancing protein
synthesis, it prompts spermatogenesis, and causes accessory
organ growth & secondary sex characteristics.
forms of testosterone - CORRECT ANSWERS- in the prostate,
testosterone is converted into dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to bind
to cell nuclei. in the brain, testosterone is converted into
estradiol.
ovary structure - CORRECT ANSWERS- covered by tunica
albuginea & cuboidal epithelial cells (germinal epithelium). cortex
houses forming gametes, medulla contains blood vessels and
nerves. ovaries contain follicles with oocytes (immature eggs).
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
alimentary organs (descending order) - CORRECT ANSWERS-
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine
accessory organs - CORRECT ANSWERS- teeth, tongue, salivary
glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas
three chemical buffer systems - CORRECT ANSWERS-
bicarbonate, phosphate, protein
bicarbonate buffer system - CORRECT ANSWERS- carbonic acid
and sodium bicarbonate in the same solution, buffers ECF & ICF.
strong acid causes ions to act as weak bases, forming more
carbonic acid.
phosphate buffer system - CORRECT ANSWERS- dihydrogen
phosphate and monohydrogen are involved, this is i/6th of the
bicarbonate system. very important in ICF
protein buffer system - CORRECT ANSWERS- 3/4 of all buffering
power, involves proteins in plasma, hemoglobin is an example
,respiratory acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS- artery CO2 levels
above 45 mm Hg, occurs when breath is shallow (pneumonia,
cystic fibrosis, emphysema) causing CO2 to accumulate in the
blood, and pH to fall.
respiratory alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS- artery CO2 lower than
35 mm Hg, CO2 is eliminated faster than it is produced
(hyperventilation), causing pH to rise.
metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS- low blood pH and
HCO3- (bicarbonate) levels below 22 mEq/L, caused by alcohol,
diarrhea, lactic acid accumulation, shock, kidney failure.
metabolic alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS- rising blood pH and
HCO3- (bicarbonate) levels above 26 mEq/L, uncommon, caused
by vomiting and antacids.
male copulatory organ - CORRECT ANSWERS- penis, spongy
network of connective tissue and smooth muscle with vascular
spaces
bulk of penis - CORRECT ANSWERS- corpus cavernosa
surrounds the urethra in males - CORRECT ANSWERS- corpus
spongiosum
, tunics surrounding testes - CORRECT ANSWERS- tunica vaginalis
(exterior from peritoneum), tunica albuginea (interior)
actual sperm factories - CORRECT ANSWERS- tightly coiled
seminiferous tubules made of stratified epithelium and a lumen,
contains spermatogenic cells embedded in columnar cells
(sustendocytes)
epididymis - CORRECT ANSWERS- storage area for sperm
male accessory organs - CORRECT ANSWERS- glands, ducts,
penis
hormonal regulation of testicular formation - CORRECT ANSWERS-
testosterone activates specific genes, enhancing protein
synthesis, it prompts spermatogenesis, and causes accessory
organ growth & secondary sex characteristics.
forms of testosterone - CORRECT ANSWERS- in the prostate,
testosterone is converted into dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to bind
to cell nuclei. in the brain, testosterone is converted into
estradiol.
ovary structure - CORRECT ANSWERS- covered by tunica
albuginea & cuboidal epithelial cells (germinal epithelium). cortex
houses forming gametes, medulla contains blood vessels and
nerves. ovaries contain follicles with oocytes (immature eggs).
