NUR 521 AVD PHARM BLUEPRINT EXAM 1 with 302 very well Detailed solutions.

NUR 521 AVD PHARM BLUEPRINT
EXAM 1 with 302 very well Detailed
solutions.
NUR 521 AVD PHARM BLUEPRINT
EXAM 1 with 302 very well Detailed
solutions.
Drug used to treat MG - ANSWER Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Anticholinesterase or Acetylcholinesterase
Inhibitors) - Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)



How does Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) work? - ANSWER Prevents degradation of acetylcholine by
acetylcholinesterase which makes more acetylcholine (ACh) available to activate receptors and enhance
cholinergic action



How to know if Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) is working for your patient. - ANSWER Improvement of s/s

- Inc muscle strength

- Dec fatigue

- Improved breathing/ swallowing

- Pt feedback on ability to perform ADLs



Why do we avoid muscarinic antagonists (anticholinergic) drugs in older patients? - ANSWER - Inc risk of
cognitive impairment/delirium

- Can worsen existing conditions like dementia, BPH, and glaucoma

- Dec renal and hepatic function with age can cause dec drug clearance which can cause these drugs to
accumulate and inc risk of toxicity

- Dizziness, sedation, and orthostatic hypotn can inc risk for falls

- Dry mouth, eyes, and constipation can impact quality of life for these pts



S/S of Muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic) toxicity - ANSWER Hot as a hare (hyperthermia)

Dry as a bone (Dry mouth, eyes, and skin)

,NUR 521 AVD PHARM BLUEPRINT
EXAM 1 with 302 very well Detailed
solutions.
Blind as a bat (mydriasis)

Red as a beet (flushing)

Mad as a hatter (delirium)



What drug would you administer for muscarinic (anticholinergic) antagonist toxicity? - ANSWER
Physostigmine

(a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor)

- It inhibits acetylcholinesterase, which helps to counteract the effects of muscarinic receptor blockade

- Crosses the BBB, making it effectice for both central (delirium) and peripheral (dry mouth, urinary
retention) symptoms of toxicity.



What are adrenergic agonists like Epinephrine (Adrenaline) used for? - ANSWER They stimulate
adrenergic receptors, mimicking the effects of the SNS.

Depending on the receptor subtype they target (alpha or beta), they treat things like:

- Shock/ hypotension (a1)

- Cardiac arrest/ severe bradycardia (B1)

- Asthma/ Bronchospasm (B2)

- Anaphylaxis (a1 and B2)

- Nasal/ ocular congestion (a1)

- Premature labor (B2)

- Glaucoma (a2)

- ADHD (a2)



What is the effect of Alpha 1 receptor activation on vascular smooth muscle? - ANSWER
Vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure



What is the effect of Alpha 1 receptor activation on the bladder? - ANSWER Contraction

,NUR 521 AVD PHARM BLUEPRINT
EXAM 1 with 302 very well Detailed
solutions.

What is the effect of Alpha 1 receptor activation on the eyes? - ANSWER Mydriasis (dilation)



What is a therapeutic effect (TE) of Alpha 1 receptor activation related to hemostasis? - ANSWER
Hemostasis



What is a therapeutic effect (TE) of Alpha 1 receptor activation for nasal congestion? - ANSWER Nasal
decongestion



How does Alpha 1 receptor activation serve as an adjunct to local anesthesia? - ANSWER Increases blood
pressure



What is a therapeutic effect (TE) of Alpha 1 receptor activation related to the eyes? - ANSWER Mydriasis



What is a common adverse effect (AE) of Alpha 1 receptor activation? - ANSWER Hypertension (HTN)



What is an adverse effect (AE) of Alpha 1 receptor activation related to tissue damage? - ANSWER
Extravasation necrosis



What is an adverse effect (AE) of Alpha 1 receptor activation related to heart rate? - ANSWER
Bradycardia



What is the effect of Alpha 2 receptor activation on sympathetic outflow? - ANSWER It acts as a negative
feedback mechanism to reduce sympathetic outflow of the heart and blood vessels.



How does Alpha 2 receptor activation affect blood pressure and heart rate? - ANSWER It decreases
blood pressure and heart rate by decreasing norepinephrine (NE).

, NUR 521 AVD PHARM BLUEPRINT
EXAM 1 with 302 very well Detailed
solutions.
What is the sedative effect of Alpha 2 receptor activation? - ANSWER It reduces excitatory signals in the
brain, leading to sedation.



What is an example of a medication that activates Alpha 2 receptors? - ANSWER Clonidine (Catapres) is
used for hypertension and ADHD.



What is the primary therapeutic effect of Beta 1 receptor activation in heart failure? - ANSWER Positive
inotropic effects increase force of contraction.



What effect does Beta 1 receptor activation have on heart rate during shock? - ANSWER Increases heart
rate and force of contraction.



How does Beta 1 receptor activation affect the AV node? - ANSWER Enhances impulse conduction in the
AV node with AV block.



What role does Beta 1 receptor activation play in asystole and pulseless ventricular rhythms? - ANSWER
Can help in asystole and pulseless ventricular rhythms.



What effect does Beta 1 receptor activation have on the kidneys? - ANSWER Stimulates renin secretion
to activate RAAS and increase blood pressure.



What is an example of a drug that acts on Beta 1 receptors for heart failure and cardiogenic shock? -
ANSWER Dobutamine.



What are common adverse effects of Beta 1 receptor activation? - ANSWER Tachycardia, angina,
dysrhythmias.



What is the therapeutic effect of beta 2 receptor activation in the lungs? - ANSWER Bronchodilation to
improve airflow in conditions like asthma.