Exam 2)NUR 101 Exam 2: NUR 101 Exam 2 Study Guide:Questions & Answers: Updated Solution

What do we observe during neurological assessment? (Ans- - level of consciousness (alertness, person, place, time) - any headache, pain, visual problems, tinnitus, vertigo, numbness - character of speech - PERRLA: pupils equal, round, reactive, and accommodate - observe sclera: redness, color, drainage, lesions - symmetry of face - hands, arm, and leg strength - sensation felt What should we be observing/gathering info on during cardiovascular assessment? (Ans- - if any chest pain - distended neck veins - carotid arteries (strength and regularity) - ausculate all 4 heart valves (Strong, weak, regular or irregular rhythm) - capillary refill - pulses: radial, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial- asses for edema: anterior tibia, ankle, dorsum of foot Hypertension (AnsExcessive pressure of blood flowing through the arteries * Increases workload on heart and damages endothelium* - 1 in 3 adult Americans have hypertension - Normal BP: less than 120/80 - usually Asymptomatic - increases workload of heart and damages endothelium - increase risk for stroke, MI, kidney failure, PVD Hypertensive risk factors (AnsExcessive intake of saturated fat and simple carbs, Alcohol: increases renin secretions Obesity Hypertension Pathophysiology (AnsA progressive cardiovascular syndrome detected by an elevation in blood pressure and/or the presence of organ damage due to persistent blood pressure elevations elevated blood pressure (Ans- 120-129/ <80 stage 1 hypertension (Ans- 130 - 139 / 80-89 stage 2 hypertension (Ans- >140 / > 90 hypertensive crisis (Ans- >180 / >120 regulating mechanisms to maintain BP (Ans- - arterial baroreceptors - regulation of body fluid volume