Praxis 5153 Pedagogy || with Complete Solution.
Bruner correct answers Cognitivism:
Theory of "Discovery Learning" Constructivist. Children solve problems using prior examples,
reflection activities.
-basically, a person can learn anything if it is organized correctly
-three phases: inactive (physical actions), Iconic (sensory objects), and Symbolic (language)
Piaget correct answers Stages of Cognition: Cognitive Construction- children's knowledge using
terms scheme, concept, and structure...prior knowledge and new knowledge interact
-4 stages of development: Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete, and formal operational.
Marzano/Pickering correct answers Research Based Instruction: using research-based
instructional strategies maximizes teachers' ability to enhance student achievement.
McTighe correct answers Big Idea/Assessment: Use analysis of achievement data to develop an
improvement plan
-three educational goals: Acquisition, meaning-making, and transfer or prior learning
-turn big ideas into essential questions
Bloom correct answers Taxonomy of Cognitive Levels: Knowledge (recalling information, skills,
and ideas), Comprehension (knowing what is being communicated by the other), Application
(using information, skills, and ideas abstractly in various situations), Analysis (identifying
relationships between information, skills and ideas), Synthesis(combining separate information,
skills, and ideas to form a new whole), Evaluation (judgments about the validity and value of
alternative ideas)
-need evaluation synthesis, analysis, and application to have transfer
Gardner correct answers Multiple Intelligences:, 1943-present; Field: intelligence; Contributions:
devised the theory of multiple intelligences (8 all together- logical-mathematic, spatial, bodily-
kinesthetic, intrapersonal, linguistic, musical, interpersonal, Intrapersonal)
, Vygotsky correct answers Social Learning Theory:
Believed that cognitive development was largely the result of the child's interaction with
members of his or her own culture rather than his or her interaction with concrete objects
Maslow correct answers Hierarchy of Needs:
(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and
Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
-Motivation emerges from needs and higher needs only emerge when lower ones are met.
-motivation is highest when instruction and learning satisfy the needs and goals of students.
Erickson correct answers Emotional Learning:
Adolescence (12-18): Identity vs Role Confusion: develop a sense of morality, strong affiliations,
devotion to causes, friends, and ideals to form an identity. The stage where the student questions
themselves. WHO AM I? --> confusion and worthlessness.
-8 stages
metacognition correct answers refers to the ability to think about one's cognitive processes.
-thinking about thinking and how to regulate your own thinking
-strategies: planning, monitoring, and evaluating
schema correct answers -A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.
-mental organizations that categorize knowledge and skills
transfer correct answers The concept of transferring one's knowledge and skills from one
problem-solving situation to another.
-from one school year to another, from school to home, and from school to workplace
-ways to help transfer: decontextualize, authenticity and relevancy, cultural practice, and
focusing on big ideas
Bruner correct answers Cognitivism:
Theory of "Discovery Learning" Constructivist. Children solve problems using prior examples,
reflection activities.
-basically, a person can learn anything if it is organized correctly
-three phases: inactive (physical actions), Iconic (sensory objects), and Symbolic (language)
Piaget correct answers Stages of Cognition: Cognitive Construction- children's knowledge using
terms scheme, concept, and structure...prior knowledge and new knowledge interact
-4 stages of development: Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete, and formal operational.
Marzano/Pickering correct answers Research Based Instruction: using research-based
instructional strategies maximizes teachers' ability to enhance student achievement.
McTighe correct answers Big Idea/Assessment: Use analysis of achievement data to develop an
improvement plan
-three educational goals: Acquisition, meaning-making, and transfer or prior learning
-turn big ideas into essential questions
Bloom correct answers Taxonomy of Cognitive Levels: Knowledge (recalling information, skills,
and ideas), Comprehension (knowing what is being communicated by the other), Application
(using information, skills, and ideas abstractly in various situations), Analysis (identifying
relationships between information, skills and ideas), Synthesis(combining separate information,
skills, and ideas to form a new whole), Evaluation (judgments about the validity and value of
alternative ideas)
-need evaluation synthesis, analysis, and application to have transfer
Gardner correct answers Multiple Intelligences:, 1943-present; Field: intelligence; Contributions:
devised the theory of multiple intelligences (8 all together- logical-mathematic, spatial, bodily-
kinesthetic, intrapersonal, linguistic, musical, interpersonal, Intrapersonal)
, Vygotsky correct answers Social Learning Theory:
Believed that cognitive development was largely the result of the child's interaction with
members of his or her own culture rather than his or her interaction with concrete objects
Maslow correct answers Hierarchy of Needs:
(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and
Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
-Motivation emerges from needs and higher needs only emerge when lower ones are met.
-motivation is highest when instruction and learning satisfy the needs and goals of students.
Erickson correct answers Emotional Learning:
Adolescence (12-18): Identity vs Role Confusion: develop a sense of morality, strong affiliations,
devotion to causes, friends, and ideals to form an identity. The stage where the student questions
themselves. WHO AM I? --> confusion and worthlessness.
-8 stages
metacognition correct answers refers to the ability to think about one's cognitive processes.
-thinking about thinking and how to regulate your own thinking
-strategies: planning, monitoring, and evaluating
schema correct answers -A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.
-mental organizations that categorize knowledge and skills
transfer correct answers The concept of transferring one's knowledge and skills from one
problem-solving situation to another.
-from one school year to another, from school to home, and from school to workplace
-ways to help transfer: decontextualize, authenticity and relevancy, cultural practice, and
focusing on big ideas
