BIOL410 final exam v2v Practice Exam 2025
UPDATE/PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS(complete
solutions)ASSURED SUCCESS/GRADED A+!!!
Save
Terms in this set (51)
The specific PMI refers to
plant-soil-feedback. Where
Plant soil feedback refers to
how:
Reciprocal effects of plants and
soil microorganisms can affect
plant performance
- Centaurea maculosa (Spotted
Knapweed)
What is the PMI in this
- Native Plants (e.g., Agropyron
graph? (Callaway paper)
spp. or Festuca spp.)
- Soil Microbes (e.g., Fungi,
Bacteria)
- Pathogenic Microorganisms
(e.g., Soil-Borne Fungi or
Bacteria)
- Beneficial Soil
Microorganisms (e.g.,
Mycorrhizal Fungi, Nitrogen-
Fixing Bacteria)
, The plant, assuming positive PSF, will be able to
aquire nutrients more readily from its microbial
community as well as seeing an increase in its
pathogen defenses via ISR. Meanwhile, the
associated microbial community will gain one or
both of the following two benefits: shelter, and food.
Plant tissue in the soil (roots) can provide
environmental protection for beneficial microbes as
What are the benefits to
well as providing organic carbon exudates which
each member of this PMI?
become the microbes primary carbon source.
Are there downsides?
(Callaway paper)
PSF does not necessarily have to be positive. A plant
can end up cultivating a harmful community with
specific microbial pathogens which are capable of
directly harming the plant. These microbes have
developed the tools needed to both infect the plant,
multiply, and spread as well as being able to still
consume the carbon exudates at direct cost of to
the plant
What is the key question The authors are trying to answer the question of how
the authors are trying to plants escaping their native pathogens can allow
answer with the graph? them to be better invading organisms
(Callaway paper)
Plant soil feedback and plant invasion are critically
linked together due to the evolution of specific
pathogens and plant-microbe relationships. Therein,
what this study reveals is that plants are able to
What gap in our
cultivate both negative and positive relationships
knowledge does this
which can either stump or significantly aid in their
question address
development. Herein, we see that when plants are
fundamentally? (Callaway
removed from an environment where specialized
paper)
pathogens are present, and moved to soil that has
not been cultivated to prompt said pathogens, the
plant is able to experience a meteoric increase in
performance.
, This graph illustrate plant performance in different
soil types that have been recently cultivated with
different plants. Herein we see that even when soil is
What is the point of this
cultivated by centurea, plant performance increases
graph? (2nd graph of
drastically when compared to its native soil. Herein,
Callaway paper)
we can attribute this positive PSF to the plant having
udnergone enemy release where the plant does not
in fact cultivate pathogens harmful to itself.
Why are sterile Sterile treatments are used to show that whatever
treatments used, and why changes are occurring within the samples are the
can we discount abiotic result of biological activity.
effects from being the Nutrient levels and other abiotic factors have been
root cause of these controlled by means such as normalizing nutrient
changes? (Callaway content by equal fertilization of plant samples.
paper)
Key Question: Why do some exotic plants become
invasive in non-native ecosystems?
key question and
hypothesis of the
Hypothesis: Soil biota play a crucial role in the
callaway paper
success of invasive plants by altering plant-soil
feedbacks (PSFs).
UPDATE/PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS(complete
solutions)ASSURED SUCCESS/GRADED A+!!!
Save
Terms in this set (51)
The specific PMI refers to
plant-soil-feedback. Where
Plant soil feedback refers to
how:
Reciprocal effects of plants and
soil microorganisms can affect
plant performance
- Centaurea maculosa (Spotted
Knapweed)
What is the PMI in this
- Native Plants (e.g., Agropyron
graph? (Callaway paper)
spp. or Festuca spp.)
- Soil Microbes (e.g., Fungi,
Bacteria)
- Pathogenic Microorganisms
(e.g., Soil-Borne Fungi or
Bacteria)
- Beneficial Soil
Microorganisms (e.g.,
Mycorrhizal Fungi, Nitrogen-
Fixing Bacteria)
, The plant, assuming positive PSF, will be able to
aquire nutrients more readily from its microbial
community as well as seeing an increase in its
pathogen defenses via ISR. Meanwhile, the
associated microbial community will gain one or
both of the following two benefits: shelter, and food.
Plant tissue in the soil (roots) can provide
environmental protection for beneficial microbes as
What are the benefits to
well as providing organic carbon exudates which
each member of this PMI?
become the microbes primary carbon source.
Are there downsides?
(Callaway paper)
PSF does not necessarily have to be positive. A plant
can end up cultivating a harmful community with
specific microbial pathogens which are capable of
directly harming the plant. These microbes have
developed the tools needed to both infect the plant,
multiply, and spread as well as being able to still
consume the carbon exudates at direct cost of to
the plant
What is the key question The authors are trying to answer the question of how
the authors are trying to plants escaping their native pathogens can allow
answer with the graph? them to be better invading organisms
(Callaway paper)
Plant soil feedback and plant invasion are critically
linked together due to the evolution of specific
pathogens and plant-microbe relationships. Therein,
what this study reveals is that plants are able to
What gap in our
cultivate both negative and positive relationships
knowledge does this
which can either stump or significantly aid in their
question address
development. Herein, we see that when plants are
fundamentally? (Callaway
removed from an environment where specialized
paper)
pathogens are present, and moved to soil that has
not been cultivated to prompt said pathogens, the
plant is able to experience a meteoric increase in
performance.
, This graph illustrate plant performance in different
soil types that have been recently cultivated with
different plants. Herein we see that even when soil is
What is the point of this
cultivated by centurea, plant performance increases
graph? (2nd graph of
drastically when compared to its native soil. Herein,
Callaway paper)
we can attribute this positive PSF to the plant having
udnergone enemy release where the plant does not
in fact cultivate pathogens harmful to itself.
Why are sterile Sterile treatments are used to show that whatever
treatments used, and why changes are occurring within the samples are the
can we discount abiotic result of biological activity.
effects from being the Nutrient levels and other abiotic factors have been
root cause of these controlled by means such as normalizing nutrient
changes? (Callaway content by equal fertilization of plant samples.
paper)
Key Question: Why do some exotic plants become
invasive in non-native ecosystems?
key question and
hypothesis of the
Hypothesis: Soil biota play a crucial role in the
callaway paper
success of invasive plants by altering plant-soil
feedbacks (PSFs).
