Dental Hygiene – Pharmacology
questions with correct answers
Toxicology ✅✅study of harmful or toxic effects of drugs
Another name for BRAND name of a drug ✅✅trade name; this is the manufacturers
name, first letter is capitalized
Generic drug name ✅✅name for the chemical makeup of the drug, first letter is not
capitalized. ex) diazepam (Valium)
what is synergism? ✅✅the effect of two drugs together is greater than the effect of
either alone. ex) 1+1= >2 oxycodone + acetaminophen = Percocet
qd ✅✅once a day
bid ✅✅twice a day
tid ✅✅3x day
qid ✅✅4x a day
pc ✅✅after meals
ac ✅✅before meals
po ✅✅by mouth
hs ✅✅at bedtime
first pass effect ✅✅The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the
bloodstream.
enteral route of administration ✅✅can be oral, sublingual, or rectal; uses GI tract;
safest, slowest route
parenteral route of administration ✅✅-Bypasses the GI tract
-Types include:
> Intravascular (IV)
> Intramuscular (IM)
> Intradermal
> Subcutaneous
, > Inhalation
> Sublingual
Example of intradermal parenteral adminstration ✅✅TB skin test
example of intramuscular parenteral administration ✅✅Epi pen
therapeutic index ✅✅the number that determines the safety of a drug
divide the LD 50 by the ED 50
lethal dose of therapeutic index ✅✅the dose that is lethal in 50 % of participants (LD
50)
ED 50 ✅✅the dose that produces a desired response in 50% of participants
Potency ✅✅amount needed to achieve desired effect.
less needed = more potent drug
side effects are predictable and dose related. T or F? ✅✅true
*toxic reactions are dose related
*allergic effects are unpredictable & NOT dose related
4 properties that determine onset, intensity and duration of drug action: ✅✅ADME:
absorption
distribution
metabolism
elimination
what is the primary site for drug metabolism? ✅✅liver
Define half-life; how many half-lives does it generally take to clear a drug from the
body? ✅✅half-life: time it takes for body to eliminate half of drug present in the body.
ex) 1 half-life: 50% clearance, 50% remains.
usually it takes 6 half-lives for drug elimination
Drug excretion occurs through which organ? ✅✅kidneys
difference between nephron and glomerulus ✅✅nephron: microscopic units that filter
blood&produce urine
glomerulus: contained in each nephron, a network of capillaries that perform first step of
filtering
sympathetic nervous system: ______________ receptors ✅✅adrenergic
questions with correct answers
Toxicology ✅✅study of harmful or toxic effects of drugs
Another name for BRAND name of a drug ✅✅trade name; this is the manufacturers
name, first letter is capitalized
Generic drug name ✅✅name for the chemical makeup of the drug, first letter is not
capitalized. ex) diazepam (Valium)
what is synergism? ✅✅the effect of two drugs together is greater than the effect of
either alone. ex) 1+1= >2 oxycodone + acetaminophen = Percocet
qd ✅✅once a day
bid ✅✅twice a day
tid ✅✅3x day
qid ✅✅4x a day
pc ✅✅after meals
ac ✅✅before meals
po ✅✅by mouth
hs ✅✅at bedtime
first pass effect ✅✅The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the
bloodstream.
enteral route of administration ✅✅can be oral, sublingual, or rectal; uses GI tract;
safest, slowest route
parenteral route of administration ✅✅-Bypasses the GI tract
-Types include:
> Intravascular (IV)
> Intramuscular (IM)
> Intradermal
> Subcutaneous
, > Inhalation
> Sublingual
Example of intradermal parenteral adminstration ✅✅TB skin test
example of intramuscular parenteral administration ✅✅Epi pen
therapeutic index ✅✅the number that determines the safety of a drug
divide the LD 50 by the ED 50
lethal dose of therapeutic index ✅✅the dose that is lethal in 50 % of participants (LD
50)
ED 50 ✅✅the dose that produces a desired response in 50% of participants
Potency ✅✅amount needed to achieve desired effect.
less needed = more potent drug
side effects are predictable and dose related. T or F? ✅✅true
*toxic reactions are dose related
*allergic effects are unpredictable & NOT dose related
4 properties that determine onset, intensity and duration of drug action: ✅✅ADME:
absorption
distribution
metabolism
elimination
what is the primary site for drug metabolism? ✅✅liver
Define half-life; how many half-lives does it generally take to clear a drug from the
body? ✅✅half-life: time it takes for body to eliminate half of drug present in the body.
ex) 1 half-life: 50% clearance, 50% remains.
usually it takes 6 half-lives for drug elimination
Drug excretion occurs through which organ? ✅✅kidneys
difference between nephron and glomerulus ✅✅nephron: microscopic units that filter
blood&produce urine
glomerulus: contained in each nephron, a network of capillaries that perform first step of
filtering
sympathetic nervous system: ______________ receptors ✅✅adrenergic
