BIO100 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
what is cell theory? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. all organisms are made up of one or more
cells
2. cells are the basic unit of life and the smallest unit of life
3. every new cell comes from a pre-existing cell
what is the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - maintains the cell as a distinct
entity
cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER - consists of semi-fluid material and organells
organelles - CORRECT ANSWER - tiny compartments within a cell that have specific
functions
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - hereditary information found within a distinct nucleus in
eukaryotes
-found floating around in prokaryotes
RNA - CORRECT ANSWER - stores information like DNA and catalyzes reactions (like
proteins)
functions of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. separates internal and
external environment
2. controls movement of materials in and out of cell
3. allows cell to interact with other cells
what is the structure of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. phospholipid
bilyaer with hydrophilic heads on the outside and hydrophobic tails on the inside
,2. proteins and other lipids are embedded within the membrane
what are ribosomes composed of? what are their function? - CORRECT ANSWER -
composed of RNA and protein molecules
-assemble amino acids into proteins
what kind of forms of life are prokaryotic? what are some main features of prokaryotic cells? -
CORRECT ANSWER - 1. bacteria and archaea
2. have no distinct nucleus (DNA is found in cytoplasm)
3. contain few organelles other than ribosomes
4. they have a cell wall
what are some of the main structures and organelles of eurkaryotic cells? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1. nucleus
2. endomembrane system
3. mitochondria
4. chloroplasts
5. cytoskeleton
what is the endomembrane system? what organelles make it up? - CORRECT ANSWER -
1. they are the organelles involved in the synthesis, storage, and transportation of important
molecules (conveyor belt of the factory)
2. endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, various vesicles
whats the difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER? - CORRECT ANSWER -
the rough ER has ribosomes and is where protein synthesis occurs
-the smooth ER has no ribosomes and is the site of lipid synthesis and transport
what is the golgi complex do? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. receives macromolecules from
the ER
, 2. assemble, modify, and package macromolecules for exporting from the cell
what are vesicles? - CORRECT ANSWER - involved in transport, storage, and recycling
what are lysosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - the vesicles fro animals
-house enzymes that digest macromolecules (like carbs and proteins)
what are central vacuole? - CORRECT ANSWER - the vesicles from plants
-store water, nutrients, wastes
what is the mitochondria? - CORRECT ANSWER - It is the site of cellular respiration
-production of energy (ATP) using sugar from foods
-actually have their own DNA
what are the chloroplasts? - CORRECT ANSWER - sites of photosynthesis
-conversion of energy from the sun (light) into chemical energy (sugars)
-also have their own DNA
what three structures make up the cytoskeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
microfilaments - actin
2. intermediate filaments - fibrous proteins
3. microtubules - tubulins
what are the 3 functions of cytoskeletons? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. movement - cilia
and flagella
2. internal shape and structure - anchor organelles and serve as tracks fro organelle movement
3. cell division
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
what is cell theory? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. all organisms are made up of one or more
cells
2. cells are the basic unit of life and the smallest unit of life
3. every new cell comes from a pre-existing cell
what is the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - maintains the cell as a distinct
entity
cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER - consists of semi-fluid material and organells
organelles - CORRECT ANSWER - tiny compartments within a cell that have specific
functions
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - hereditary information found within a distinct nucleus in
eukaryotes
-found floating around in prokaryotes
RNA - CORRECT ANSWER - stores information like DNA and catalyzes reactions (like
proteins)
functions of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. separates internal and
external environment
2. controls movement of materials in and out of cell
3. allows cell to interact with other cells
what is the structure of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. phospholipid
bilyaer with hydrophilic heads on the outside and hydrophobic tails on the inside
,2. proteins and other lipids are embedded within the membrane
what are ribosomes composed of? what are their function? - CORRECT ANSWER -
composed of RNA and protein molecules
-assemble amino acids into proteins
what kind of forms of life are prokaryotic? what are some main features of prokaryotic cells? -
CORRECT ANSWER - 1. bacteria and archaea
2. have no distinct nucleus (DNA is found in cytoplasm)
3. contain few organelles other than ribosomes
4. they have a cell wall
what are some of the main structures and organelles of eurkaryotic cells? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1. nucleus
2. endomembrane system
3. mitochondria
4. chloroplasts
5. cytoskeleton
what is the endomembrane system? what organelles make it up? - CORRECT ANSWER -
1. they are the organelles involved in the synthesis, storage, and transportation of important
molecules (conveyor belt of the factory)
2. endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, various vesicles
whats the difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER? - CORRECT ANSWER -
the rough ER has ribosomes and is where protein synthesis occurs
-the smooth ER has no ribosomes and is the site of lipid synthesis and transport
what is the golgi complex do? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. receives macromolecules from
the ER
, 2. assemble, modify, and package macromolecules for exporting from the cell
what are vesicles? - CORRECT ANSWER - involved in transport, storage, and recycling
what are lysosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - the vesicles fro animals
-house enzymes that digest macromolecules (like carbs and proteins)
what are central vacuole? - CORRECT ANSWER - the vesicles from plants
-store water, nutrients, wastes
what is the mitochondria? - CORRECT ANSWER - It is the site of cellular respiration
-production of energy (ATP) using sugar from foods
-actually have their own DNA
what are the chloroplasts? - CORRECT ANSWER - sites of photosynthesis
-conversion of energy from the sun (light) into chemical energy (sugars)
-also have their own DNA
what three structures make up the cytoskeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
microfilaments - actin
2. intermediate filaments - fibrous proteins
3. microtubules - tubulins
what are the 3 functions of cytoskeletons? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. movement - cilia
and flagella
2. internal shape and structure - anchor organelles and serve as tracks fro organelle movement
3. cell division
