Portage Learning Microbiology Exam #1
|Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Updated
& Verified | 2024
Microorganism - ✔✔Single cell (bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa, algae)
Virus - ✔✔Not living, not considered microorganisms, considered microbes
Microbes - ✔✔Include microorganisms and viruses, can be advantageous or harmful
Cell - ✔✔Smallest, most basic biological unit of life
All cells are compromised of - ✔✔Macromolecules (building bloacks)
Four main types of macromolecules found ing cells - ✔✔Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and
polysaccharides
Proteins - ✔✔Comprised of amino acids, facilitate movement of materials, act as enzymes to speed up
biochemical processes, structural role
Amino Acid - ✔✔Way proteins are formed by varying combinations, 20 different kinds
Each protein - ✔✔has its own unique sequence of amino acids
1
, Essential Amino Acids - ✔✔human body cannot produce them, they must be taken in from the
environment through other sources (food you eat)
Nucleic Acid - ✔✔chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell
Two types of nucleic acids - ✔✔DNA and RNA
DNA - ✔✔deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vast amount of hereditary info and is responsible for the
inheritable characteristics of living organisms, made from nucleotides
RNA - ✔✔ribonucleic acid, responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to
synthesize proteins
Can DNA and RNA be found in the nucleus? - ✔✔Yes
Can DNA and RNA leave the nucleus? - ✔✔Only RNA. DNA is highly compact in the nucleus
Three parts of a nucleotide - ✔✔Nitrogenous base, sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group
Four kinds of nitrogenous bases - ✔✔Adenine or guanine (purine bases) and cytosine or thymine
(pyrimidine bases)
2
|Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Updated
& Verified | 2024
Microorganism - ✔✔Single cell (bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa, algae)
Virus - ✔✔Not living, not considered microorganisms, considered microbes
Microbes - ✔✔Include microorganisms and viruses, can be advantageous or harmful
Cell - ✔✔Smallest, most basic biological unit of life
All cells are compromised of - ✔✔Macromolecules (building bloacks)
Four main types of macromolecules found ing cells - ✔✔Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and
polysaccharides
Proteins - ✔✔Comprised of amino acids, facilitate movement of materials, act as enzymes to speed up
biochemical processes, structural role
Amino Acid - ✔✔Way proteins are formed by varying combinations, 20 different kinds
Each protein - ✔✔has its own unique sequence of amino acids
1
, Essential Amino Acids - ✔✔human body cannot produce them, they must be taken in from the
environment through other sources (food you eat)
Nucleic Acid - ✔✔chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell
Two types of nucleic acids - ✔✔DNA and RNA
DNA - ✔✔deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vast amount of hereditary info and is responsible for the
inheritable characteristics of living organisms, made from nucleotides
RNA - ✔✔ribonucleic acid, responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to
synthesize proteins
Can DNA and RNA be found in the nucleus? - ✔✔Yes
Can DNA and RNA leave the nucleus? - ✔✔Only RNA. DNA is highly compact in the nucleus
Three parts of a nucleotide - ✔✔Nitrogenous base, sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group
Four kinds of nitrogenous bases - ✔✔Adenine or guanine (purine bases) and cytosine or thymine
(pyrimidine bases)
2
