Sexual selection: Darwin
- Psychical characteristics aid survival
Anisogamy
- Refers to the differences between male and female sex cells
- Male gametes: highly mobile, vast numbers, little energy needed
- Female gametes: large, static, produced at intervals, limited
- Gives rise to two types of sexual selection
Inter-sexual selection
- Strategies that male use to select females
- Preferred strategies of female
- Trivers: said female make a greater investment of time and commitment-
females choose mate who is genetically fit and will provide resources
A03)
Clark and Hatfield- research support
- Sent male and female psychology students across Uni campus
- Asked question ‘’would you like to go to bed with me’’
- No females agreed but 75% men did
- Supports- female pickier then men
Runaway process: females select the tallest males- characteristics become
exaggerated
Fisher: sexy sons hypothesis
- Female who mates with male has characteristics they want there sons to
inherit
Intra-sexual selection
- Male preferred strategy
- Mate competition
- Winner reproduces- characteristics passed on
A03)
Buss- research support
- Carried out a survey of 10,000 adults- 33 countries
- Asked questions relating to evolutionary
- Found females cared about: finances, ambition, job etc..
- Male cared out: youth, physical attractiveness
-) social and cultural influences
- changes due to social roles- women’s role in workplace= no longer depend on
men
- consequences for mate preferences
, Self-disclosure
- Has a vital role beyond initial attraction
- Revealing ourselves to another person
Social penetration
- Major concept within Altman and Taylors theory
- Gradual process of revealing inner self to someone
- Giving away thoughts/feeling
- Getting deeper as relationship goes on
Breadth and depth- self disclosure
- Romantic partners become more committed
- Superficial: low risk info/on the surface
- As time goes on reveal- intimate, high risk info
- Depenetration: dissatisfied partners
Low risk
- Superficial
- Intimate
- Personal
- Core
High risk
Reciprocity: Reis and Shaver
- In order for relationship to develop
- Breadth and depth need to be reciprocal
- Creates balance
A03)
+) Sprecher and Hendrick
- Studied heterosexual dating
- Found strong correlations between measures of stratification and self-
disclosure
- If both partners self-disclosure= more satisfied
- Increase validity of theory
Real world application:
- Helps people improve communication
- Increase intimacy and strengthen bond
- 2 psychologists found- 57% of homosexual men and women said that open
and honest self-disclosure was the main way they maintained and
deepened relationships
- Psychical characteristics aid survival
Anisogamy
- Refers to the differences between male and female sex cells
- Male gametes: highly mobile, vast numbers, little energy needed
- Female gametes: large, static, produced at intervals, limited
- Gives rise to two types of sexual selection
Inter-sexual selection
- Strategies that male use to select females
- Preferred strategies of female
- Trivers: said female make a greater investment of time and commitment-
females choose mate who is genetically fit and will provide resources
A03)
Clark and Hatfield- research support
- Sent male and female psychology students across Uni campus
- Asked question ‘’would you like to go to bed with me’’
- No females agreed but 75% men did
- Supports- female pickier then men
Runaway process: females select the tallest males- characteristics become
exaggerated
Fisher: sexy sons hypothesis
- Female who mates with male has characteristics they want there sons to
inherit
Intra-sexual selection
- Male preferred strategy
- Mate competition
- Winner reproduces- characteristics passed on
A03)
Buss- research support
- Carried out a survey of 10,000 adults- 33 countries
- Asked questions relating to evolutionary
- Found females cared about: finances, ambition, job etc..
- Male cared out: youth, physical attractiveness
-) social and cultural influences
- changes due to social roles- women’s role in workplace= no longer depend on
men
- consequences for mate preferences
, Self-disclosure
- Has a vital role beyond initial attraction
- Revealing ourselves to another person
Social penetration
- Major concept within Altman and Taylors theory
- Gradual process of revealing inner self to someone
- Giving away thoughts/feeling
- Getting deeper as relationship goes on
Breadth and depth- self disclosure
- Romantic partners become more committed
- Superficial: low risk info/on the surface
- As time goes on reveal- intimate, high risk info
- Depenetration: dissatisfied partners
Low risk
- Superficial
- Intimate
- Personal
- Core
High risk
Reciprocity: Reis and Shaver
- In order for relationship to develop
- Breadth and depth need to be reciprocal
- Creates balance
A03)
+) Sprecher and Hendrick
- Studied heterosexual dating
- Found strong correlations between measures of stratification and self-
disclosure
- If both partners self-disclosure= more satisfied
- Increase validity of theory
Real world application:
- Helps people improve communication
- Increase intimacy and strengthen bond
- 2 psychologists found- 57% of homosexual men and women said that open
and honest self-disclosure was the main way they maintained and
deepened relationships
