Focus on Nursing Pharmacology – Amy Karch (9th Edition) – Complete Test Bank Chapters 1–59 | Practice Questions with Answers

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Chapter 01- Introduction to Drugs i i i i




A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computed tomography(CT) scan. Th
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e nurse working on the oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the P
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ublic Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14-
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month-
old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all th
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ree nurses? i




Pharmacoeconomics i




Pharmacotherapeutics i




Pharmacodynamics P i




harmacokinetics Ans: i




B


Feedback:


Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacol i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i


ogy or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, preve
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nt, and diagnose disease. The radiology nurse is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The oncolo
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gy nurse is administering a drug to help treat a disease.
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Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a dru i i i i i i i i i i i i


g affects the body and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the body.
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A physician has ordered intramuscular (IM) injections of morphine, a narcotic, every 4 hours as neededfor pain in
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a motor vehicle accident victim. The nurse is aware this drug has a high abuse potential. Under what ca
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tegory would morphine be classified? i i i i




Schedule I Sc i i




hedule II Schi i




edule III Sche
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dule IV Ans:
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B


Feedback:


Narcotics with a high abuse potential are classified as Schedule II drugs because of severe dependence
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liability. Schedule I drugs have high abuse potential and no accepted medical use. Schedule III drugs have a l
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esser abuse potential than II and an accepted medical use. Schedule IV drugs have low abuse potential an
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d limited dependence liability.
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When involved in phase III drug evaluation studies, what responsibilities would the nurse have?
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Working with animals who are given experimental drugs
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Choosing appropriate patients to be involved in the drug study Monitor
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ing and observing patients closely for adverse effects Conducting resea
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rch to determine effectiveness of the drugAns: C
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Feedback:


Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical population in which patients are asked to record any sym
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ptoms they experience while taking the drugs. Nurses may be responsible for helping collect and analyze t
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he information to be shared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but would not conduct research
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independently because nurses do not prescribe medications. Use of animals in drug testing is done in the pre
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clinical trials. Select patients who are involved in phase II studies to participate in studies where the participa
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nts have the disease the drug is intended to treat. These patients are monitored closely for drug action and adv
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erse effects. Phase I studies involve healthy human volunteers who are usually paid for their participation. Nu
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rses may observe for adverse effects and toxicity.
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What concept is considered when generic drugs are substituted for brand name drugs? Bioavailability
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Critical concentration
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Distribution


Half-


life Ans:
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Feedback:


Bioavailability is the portion of a dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on bo
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dy cells. Binders used in a generic drug may not be the same as those used in the brand name drug. Therefor
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e, the way the body breaks down and uses the drug may differ, which may eliminate a generic drug substitut
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ion. Critical concentration is the amount of a drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect and should not
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differ between generic and brand name medications. Distribution is the phase of pharmacokinetics, which
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involves the movement of a drug to the body’s tissues and is the
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same in generic and brand name drugs. A drug’s half-
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life is the time it takes for the amount of drug to decrease to half the peak level, which should not change whe
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n substituting a generic medication.
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A nurse is assessing the patient’s home medication use. After listening to the patient list current medicati
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ons, the nurse asks what priority question? i i i i i i




Do you take any generic medications?
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Are any of these medications orphan drugs?
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Are these medications safe to take during pregnancy?
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Do you take any over-the-counter medications?
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Ans: D


Feedback:


It is important for the nurse to specifically question use of over-the-
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counter medications because patients may not consider them important. The patient is unlikely to know the mea
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ning of orphan drugs unless they too are health care providers. Safety during pregnancy, use of a generic medi
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cation, or classification of orphan drugs are things the patient would be unable to answer but could be found i
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n reference books if the nurse wishes to research them.
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After completing a course on pharmacology for nurses, what will the nurse know?
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Everything necessary for safe and effective medication administration
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Current pharmacologic therapy; the nurse will not require ongoing education for 5 years. Gen
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eral drug information; the nurse can consult a drug guide for specific drug information. The drug a
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ctions that are associated with each classification of medicationAns:
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Feedback:


After completing a pharmacology course nurses will have general drug information needed for safe and effectiv
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e medication administration but will need to consult a drug guide for specific drug information before admi
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nistering any medication. Pharmacology is constantly changing, with new drugs entering the market and n
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ew uses for existing drugs identified. Continuing education in pharmacology is essential to safe practice. N
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urses tend to become familiar with the medications they administer most often, but there will always be a ne
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ed to research new drugs and also those the nurse is not familiar with because no nurse knows all medication
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s.