C453 Microbiology
coccus, coccobacillus, vibrio, bacillus, spirillum, spirochete - ANSWER: six shapes of bacteria
endotoxin - ANSWER: A toxic component of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria that is
released only when the bacteria die. Lipopolysaccharides. Causes fevers and severe feelings of sickness.
coccus - ANSWER: spherical shaped bacteria
coccobacillus - ANSWER: Short rod shaped bacteria
vibrio - ANSWER: comma shaped bacteria
bacillus - ANSWER: Rod shaped bacteria
spirillum - ANSWER: rigid spiral shaped bacteria
spirochete - ANSWER: corkscrew shaped bacteria
cell membrane - ANSWER: this bacterial cell structure protects the cell from outside disturbances, also helps
to facilitate movement into and out of the cell by transport mechanisms
cell wall - ANSWER: this bacterial cell structure maintains the characteristic shape of the cell, prevents the cell
from bursting when fluids flow into the cell by osmosis
gram-negative bacteria - ANSWER: this type of bacteria have an outer cell membrane (have cell membrane,
cell wall, and outer cell membrane)
gram-positive bacteria - ANSWER: this type of bacteria has only a cell membrane and a cell wall and no outer
cell membrane
,capsule - ANSWER: this bacterial cell structure protects the cell from being eaten by phagocytes
pili - ANSWER: this bacterial cell structure helps the cell attach to other cells
flagella - ANSWER: this bacterial cell structure helps the cell move around
endospore - ANSWER: this bacterial cell structure is formed within the cell and stays around through
environmental and temperature changes, which can help bring the bacteria back
periplasmic space - ANSWER: this bacterial structure is the gap between the cell membrane and the cell well,
very active area of cell metabolism, present mostly in gram-negative bacteria
positive chemotaxis - ANSWER: movement of a cell in the direction of a favorable chemical stimulus or
attractant
negative chemotaxis - ANSWER: movement of a cell away from a repellant or potentially harmful compound
clostridium and bacillus - ANSWER: two bacteria that produce spores
protozoa - ANSWER: single-celled eukaryotes that lack a cell wall and are similar to animals in their nutritional
needs and structure
malaria, toxoplasmosis, babesiosis, trichomoniasis, giardiasis - ANSWER: five diseases caused by protozoa
tetanus, botulism, gangrene, colitis - ANSWER: four diseases caused by spores (clostridium and bacillus)
fungi - ANSWER: eukaryotic, non-vascular, sexual and asexual, typically not motile, hyphae
hyphae - ANSWER: the branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi
dimorphic - ANSWER: occurring in two distinct forms, can switch between mold and yeast depending on the
environment
, histoplasma capsulatum and bastomyces dermatidis - ANSWER: two fungi that are capable of dimorphism
zygomycota - ANSWER: bread molds
ascomycota - ANSWER: sac fungi
basidiomycota - ANSWER: club fungi
deuteromycota - ANSWER: imperfect fungi
helminths - ANSWER: parasitic worms, flatworms and roundworms, are bilaterally symmetrical
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm - ANSWER: three primary tissue layers of helminths
strand of genetic material - ANSWER: viruses are not cells, they are a _____________ within a protective
protein coat (called a capsid)
virus - ANSWER: cannot replicate by infecting a host cell and they cannot reproduce on their own
enveloped virus - ANSWER: a virus enclosed within a phospholipid membrane derived from its host cell, is
sensitive to heat
non-enveloped virus - ANSWER: virus that does not have a bilayer lipid membrane and is heat resistant
double-stranded DNA virus - ANSWER: herpes or the common cold
group VI viruses - ANSWER: viral group that produces reverse transcriptase, retroviruses, includes HIV
innate immunity - ANSWER: physical barriers of THIS type of immunity include skin and mucous membranes
coccus, coccobacillus, vibrio, bacillus, spirillum, spirochete - ANSWER: six shapes of bacteria
endotoxin - ANSWER: A toxic component of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria that is
released only when the bacteria die. Lipopolysaccharides. Causes fevers and severe feelings of sickness.
coccus - ANSWER: spherical shaped bacteria
coccobacillus - ANSWER: Short rod shaped bacteria
vibrio - ANSWER: comma shaped bacteria
bacillus - ANSWER: Rod shaped bacteria
spirillum - ANSWER: rigid spiral shaped bacteria
spirochete - ANSWER: corkscrew shaped bacteria
cell membrane - ANSWER: this bacterial cell structure protects the cell from outside disturbances, also helps
to facilitate movement into and out of the cell by transport mechanisms
cell wall - ANSWER: this bacterial cell structure maintains the characteristic shape of the cell, prevents the cell
from bursting when fluids flow into the cell by osmosis
gram-negative bacteria - ANSWER: this type of bacteria have an outer cell membrane (have cell membrane,
cell wall, and outer cell membrane)
gram-positive bacteria - ANSWER: this type of bacteria has only a cell membrane and a cell wall and no outer
cell membrane
,capsule - ANSWER: this bacterial cell structure protects the cell from being eaten by phagocytes
pili - ANSWER: this bacterial cell structure helps the cell attach to other cells
flagella - ANSWER: this bacterial cell structure helps the cell move around
endospore - ANSWER: this bacterial cell structure is formed within the cell and stays around through
environmental and temperature changes, which can help bring the bacteria back
periplasmic space - ANSWER: this bacterial structure is the gap between the cell membrane and the cell well,
very active area of cell metabolism, present mostly in gram-negative bacteria
positive chemotaxis - ANSWER: movement of a cell in the direction of a favorable chemical stimulus or
attractant
negative chemotaxis - ANSWER: movement of a cell away from a repellant or potentially harmful compound
clostridium and bacillus - ANSWER: two bacteria that produce spores
protozoa - ANSWER: single-celled eukaryotes that lack a cell wall and are similar to animals in their nutritional
needs and structure
malaria, toxoplasmosis, babesiosis, trichomoniasis, giardiasis - ANSWER: five diseases caused by protozoa
tetanus, botulism, gangrene, colitis - ANSWER: four diseases caused by spores (clostridium and bacillus)
fungi - ANSWER: eukaryotic, non-vascular, sexual and asexual, typically not motile, hyphae
hyphae - ANSWER: the branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi
dimorphic - ANSWER: occurring in two distinct forms, can switch between mold and yeast depending on the
environment
, histoplasma capsulatum and bastomyces dermatidis - ANSWER: two fungi that are capable of dimorphism
zygomycota - ANSWER: bread molds
ascomycota - ANSWER: sac fungi
basidiomycota - ANSWER: club fungi
deuteromycota - ANSWER: imperfect fungi
helminths - ANSWER: parasitic worms, flatworms and roundworms, are bilaterally symmetrical
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm - ANSWER: three primary tissue layers of helminths
strand of genetic material - ANSWER: viruses are not cells, they are a _____________ within a protective
protein coat (called a capsid)
virus - ANSWER: cannot replicate by infecting a host cell and they cannot reproduce on their own
enveloped virus - ANSWER: a virus enclosed within a phospholipid membrane derived from its host cell, is
sensitive to heat
non-enveloped virus - ANSWER: virus that does not have a bilayer lipid membrane and is heat resistant
double-stranded DNA virus - ANSWER: herpes or the common cold
group VI viruses - ANSWER: viral group that produces reverse transcriptase, retroviruses, includes HIV
innate immunity - ANSWER: physical barriers of THIS type of immunity include skin and mucous membranes
