hurley N421 final exam Questions SOLVED 100%
CORRECT!!!
physical growth milestones related to weight and length
Length increases by 50% in their first year
Weight doubles by 6 months
Weight triples by first birthday
Lower incisors erupt by first birthday
Fontanelles close:
Anterior closes by 12-18 months
Posterior closes by 8 weeks
cerebral palsy
A non-progressive disorder of developing brain
Cannot coordinate opposing muscle groups
s/sx & associated deficits
Seizures
visual/hearing disturbances
Communication and speech issues
Cognitive and/or motor issues → abnormal scissor gait
Risk factors
**preterm infant
**very low birth weight
,Teratogens
Intrauterine infection
Birth asphyxia
Diagnosis
posture/tone: “stiff like a board”
MRI: the absence of malformations and tumors
Treatment
Maximize motor function and ADLS
bracing/casting
Meds that decrease spasticity → baclofen and botox
Nutritional assistance
spina bifida
Spine did not close properly in utero
Often from a lack of folate during pregnancy
s/sx and consequences
Paralysis of legs
Orthopedic abnormalities
Neurogenic bladder/bowel → increased risk for UTIs
Hydrocephalus
3 types:
Spina bifida occulta: vertebrae missing, dimple in back
Meningocele: meninges in sac
,Myelomeningocele: myelin sheath + meninges in sac
Most serious out of the three
Bladder collapse
Paralysis of bladder, bowel, and legs
Parents need to know how to catheterize
Strict bowel program
Treatment
Cover sac with moist, sterile dressing → prevent infection
Be mindful of thermoregulation
No pressure on the area, have latex precautions
Antibiotics and IV fluids
Post-op: keep prone for 7 days
Hydrocephalus
A mismatch between production and absorption of CSF
Obstruction or absorption impairment
Infection
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Tumor
Prematurity
s/sx: headaches r/t increased ICP
Treatment: remove obstruction or VP shunt
HOB flat post-op to decrease rapid and excess drainage of CSF
, Erikson's theory of psychosocial development
Infant: trust vs mistrust
Toddler: autonomy vs shame and doubt
Pre-schooler: initiative vs guilt
Grade-schooler: industry vs inferiority
Teenager: identity vs role confusion
Piaget's theory of cognitive development
Sensorimotor: reflexes, understands the world through senses and actions
Preoperational: starting to make their own decisions, understands world through language and
mental images
Concrete operational: understands world through logical thinking and categories
Formal operational: understands world through hypothetical thinking and scientific reasoning
Kohlberg's theory of moral development
Pre-conventional: “I decide right vs wrong”, go along with what’s important to them
Conventional: go along with the morals of those they look up to → ex. Parents, role models
Post-conventional: follow societal standards of ethics
four types of play
Solitary play (<1y/o): plays on their own
Parallel play (1.5-3.5y/o): same activities, just not together
Associative play: imitation, looking at what others are doing
Cooperative play: playing/working together
teratogens
CORRECT!!!
physical growth milestones related to weight and length
Length increases by 50% in their first year
Weight doubles by 6 months
Weight triples by first birthday
Lower incisors erupt by first birthday
Fontanelles close:
Anterior closes by 12-18 months
Posterior closes by 8 weeks
cerebral palsy
A non-progressive disorder of developing brain
Cannot coordinate opposing muscle groups
s/sx & associated deficits
Seizures
visual/hearing disturbances
Communication and speech issues
Cognitive and/or motor issues → abnormal scissor gait
Risk factors
**preterm infant
**very low birth weight
,Teratogens
Intrauterine infection
Birth asphyxia
Diagnosis
posture/tone: “stiff like a board”
MRI: the absence of malformations and tumors
Treatment
Maximize motor function and ADLS
bracing/casting
Meds that decrease spasticity → baclofen and botox
Nutritional assistance
spina bifida
Spine did not close properly in utero
Often from a lack of folate during pregnancy
s/sx and consequences
Paralysis of legs
Orthopedic abnormalities
Neurogenic bladder/bowel → increased risk for UTIs
Hydrocephalus
3 types:
Spina bifida occulta: vertebrae missing, dimple in back
Meningocele: meninges in sac
,Myelomeningocele: myelin sheath + meninges in sac
Most serious out of the three
Bladder collapse
Paralysis of bladder, bowel, and legs
Parents need to know how to catheterize
Strict bowel program
Treatment
Cover sac with moist, sterile dressing → prevent infection
Be mindful of thermoregulation
No pressure on the area, have latex precautions
Antibiotics and IV fluids
Post-op: keep prone for 7 days
Hydrocephalus
A mismatch between production and absorption of CSF
Obstruction or absorption impairment
Infection
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Tumor
Prematurity
s/sx: headaches r/t increased ICP
Treatment: remove obstruction or VP shunt
HOB flat post-op to decrease rapid and excess drainage of CSF
, Erikson's theory of psychosocial development
Infant: trust vs mistrust
Toddler: autonomy vs shame and doubt
Pre-schooler: initiative vs guilt
Grade-schooler: industry vs inferiority
Teenager: identity vs role confusion
Piaget's theory of cognitive development
Sensorimotor: reflexes, understands the world through senses and actions
Preoperational: starting to make their own decisions, understands world through language and
mental images
Concrete operational: understands world through logical thinking and categories
Formal operational: understands world through hypothetical thinking and scientific reasoning
Kohlberg's theory of moral development
Pre-conventional: “I decide right vs wrong”, go along with what’s important to them
Conventional: go along with the morals of those they look up to → ex. Parents, role models
Post-conventional: follow societal standards of ethics
four types of play
Solitary play (<1y/o): plays on their own
Parallel play (1.5-3.5y/o): same activities, just not together
Associative play: imitation, looking at what others are doing
Cooperative play: playing/working together
teratogens
