Nur 421 exam Q%A SOLVED 100% CORRECT!!!
ectropion
lower eyelid loose and rolling outward
entropian
turning inward of the eyelid
entropian can be irritating due to
eyelashes making contact with the eye
arcus senilis
thin white ring along the margin of the iris
sensory impairment can lead to
functional impairment, injury, social isolation, depression
normal changes of aging
graying and thinning of eyebrows and eyelashes, wrinkling of skin surround the eyes, decrease
in musculature in eye lids, ectropion, entropian, arcus senilis
incidence with blindness increases with
age, sensitivity to glare, distortion in depth perception, peripheral vision reduced, produce
fewer tears
communication problematics regarding difficulty seeing
facial expressions/ gestures, limitation of lip reading and written communication, remain
unaware of current events/situations
functional sensory impacts due to ARCs
- thickening of lens causes light to scatter and reduces space for aqueous humor to drain
,- increased opacity and yellowing of lens interfere with color discrimination, hardening and
decrease pliability of lens impairs accommodations
- presbyopia - decrease in near vision
- decrease pupil diameter less light reaching the retina
- delayed pupillary reaction difficulty adapting to changes in light/glare (affects driving)
- decrease in tear production (dry eyes)
overall gradual decrease in visual acuity and depth perception
visional assessment consist of
- ask about changes in vision
- last eye exam
- inspect eyes for abnormalities (movement of eyelids, abnormal discharge, excessive tearing
or dryness, abnormally colored clear, abnormal or absent pupillary response)
- assess overall appearance, PERRLA, Suellen chart
ARC of sensory considerations
- risk for injury (falls, home safety, med safety)
home safety interventions
- assessment part of CGA
- provide adequate lighting in high-traffic areas (motion sensors, put light on stairs, reduce glare
by using table lamps and sheers on windows)
- use paint to provide contrast (can easily discriminate between walls, floors, and other
structural elements of the environment)
- use red color tape
- avoid reflective flooring and complicated rug patterns
- no throw rugs
, medication safety interventions
- use pill organizer
- large print labels
- no child proof lids
- med delivery
- prepackaged dose meds
educations --> potential side effects, red flags, when to call the provider
driving safety
- loss of driving ability is associated with isolation, decrease QOL, and poor health outcomes ;
can negatively impact access to healthcare
- medications (opioids, benzodiazepines, antihistamine, antidepressants)
- eye exams
- promote risk reductions (no driving at night or bad weather; drive locally)
- driving assessment performed by OT
- IADL assessment will be conducted
hearing loss affects individuals that are
- older than 60 yrs old (high risk for hearing loss)
- hearing loss starts in 20s
- 50% of adults older than 70 have some hearing loss
hearing loss can interfere with
- communication
- enjoyment of certain forms of entertainment
- safety
- social interactions
- independence
ectropion
lower eyelid loose and rolling outward
entropian
turning inward of the eyelid
entropian can be irritating due to
eyelashes making contact with the eye
arcus senilis
thin white ring along the margin of the iris
sensory impairment can lead to
functional impairment, injury, social isolation, depression
normal changes of aging
graying and thinning of eyebrows and eyelashes, wrinkling of skin surround the eyes, decrease
in musculature in eye lids, ectropion, entropian, arcus senilis
incidence with blindness increases with
age, sensitivity to glare, distortion in depth perception, peripheral vision reduced, produce
fewer tears
communication problematics regarding difficulty seeing
facial expressions/ gestures, limitation of lip reading and written communication, remain
unaware of current events/situations
functional sensory impacts due to ARCs
- thickening of lens causes light to scatter and reduces space for aqueous humor to drain
,- increased opacity and yellowing of lens interfere with color discrimination, hardening and
decrease pliability of lens impairs accommodations
- presbyopia - decrease in near vision
- decrease pupil diameter less light reaching the retina
- delayed pupillary reaction difficulty adapting to changes in light/glare (affects driving)
- decrease in tear production (dry eyes)
overall gradual decrease in visual acuity and depth perception
visional assessment consist of
- ask about changes in vision
- last eye exam
- inspect eyes for abnormalities (movement of eyelids, abnormal discharge, excessive tearing
or dryness, abnormally colored clear, abnormal or absent pupillary response)
- assess overall appearance, PERRLA, Suellen chart
ARC of sensory considerations
- risk for injury (falls, home safety, med safety)
home safety interventions
- assessment part of CGA
- provide adequate lighting in high-traffic areas (motion sensors, put light on stairs, reduce glare
by using table lamps and sheers on windows)
- use paint to provide contrast (can easily discriminate between walls, floors, and other
structural elements of the environment)
- use red color tape
- avoid reflective flooring and complicated rug patterns
- no throw rugs
, medication safety interventions
- use pill organizer
- large print labels
- no child proof lids
- med delivery
- prepackaged dose meds
educations --> potential side effects, red flags, when to call the provider
driving safety
- loss of driving ability is associated with isolation, decrease QOL, and poor health outcomes ;
can negatively impact access to healthcare
- medications (opioids, benzodiazepines, antihistamine, antidepressants)
- eye exams
- promote risk reductions (no driving at night or bad weather; drive locally)
- driving assessment performed by OT
- IADL assessment will be conducted
hearing loss affects individuals that are
- older than 60 yrs old (high risk for hearing loss)
- hearing loss starts in 20s
- 50% of adults older than 70 have some hearing loss
hearing loss can interfere with
- communication
- enjoyment of certain forms of entertainment
- safety
- social interactions
- independence
