CCFP Final Exam questions with verified answers
10. Definition of sterile cockpit Pg 107 Ans✓✓✓ Sterile cockpit refers
to restricting all nonessential communications over the aircraft
intercom system. Federal aviation regulations (FAR 135.100) require
observation of sterile cockpit during all critical phases of flight,
including taxi, takeoff, landing, and all other flight operations except
cruise flight.
100. What should be monitored when transporting a general medical
patient Ans✓✓✓ - vital signs?
101. Causes of hypoglycemia p 378 Ans✓✓✓ - Iatrogenic insulin effects
in patients with T1D are often the typical cause of hypoglycemia, but it
can also be caused by adrenal insufficiencies, sepsis, pancreatic tumors,
and congenital metabolic disorders.
- Some diabetic medications such as sulfonureas and meglitinides can
cause hypoglycemia.
- Increased physical stress, liver disease, lack of food intake, changes in
insulin or oral agents, pregnancy, alcohol consumption, NSAIDs,
phenytoin, thyroid hormones, and beta-blockers
102. Appropriate treatments for hypoglycemia p 378 Ans✓✓✓ Based
on evidence-based medical transport protocols, which include
establishing and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance by initiating
IV fluids with rapidly available glucose, D10, D50, or oral glucose
solutions
,- Glucagon may be considered in patients with adequate hepatic
reserves (nonalcoholics)
103. Appropriate treatments for DKA, HHNS Ans✓✓✓ - Focus of the
management of the patient with DKA is correction of fluid loss with IV
fluids with NS
o Monitoring I&Os
- Correction of hyperglycemia with insulin
- Correction of electrolyte disturbances
- Correction of acid-base balance
- Treatment of the potential cause, such as infection
104. Causes of increased sodium levels in the body pg. 381 Ans✓✓✓
Hypernatremia is caused by dehydration and defined as a level greater
than 145 mEq/L. causes may include gastric fluid losses; osmotic
diuresis; hypothalamic disorders; exercise; seizures; and intake or
administration of hypertonic saline solutions.
105. Blood administration p 223 Ans✓✓✓ - Patients who do not
respond to 1 to 2 L of crystalloid resuscitation, or who appear to be in
hemorrhagic should, should be infused with type O uncross-matched
blood. Because RBC are not independently lost during hemorrhage, a
multiproduct transfusion protocol should be considered if available.
- The best ratio for administration of blood products is 1:1:1
(RBCs:plasma:platelets)
,- Stop hemorrhage, administer blood products and TXA to prevent
coagulopathies
106. s/s of hypocalcemia pg 382 Ans✓✓✓ A calcium level less than 8.5
mEq/L. clinical findings are significant for positive Chvostek sign (light
facial tap eliciting abnormal facial spasms) and positive Trousseau sign (
Carpal spasms induced by inflation of a bloodpressure cuff on upper
arm. Patients may display other symptoms such as numbness or
tingling of the fingers, toes, nose, lips, or earlobes; facial grimacing;
muscle twitching hyperactive deep tendon reflexes; and abdominal
pain.
107. s/s of hypokalemia pg 382 Ans✓✓✓ Level less than 3.5 indicates
hypokalemia. Excessive diarrhea and vomiting, excessive diuresis,
intestinal obstruction, GI suctioning, renal insufficiency, overuse of
laxatives or steroids, severe anal trauma, and excessive sweating are all
associated with hypokalemia.
108. s/s of hyponatremia pg 381 Ans✓✓✓ A sodium level less than 135
mEq/L indicates hyponatremia; a level less than 120 mEq/L is
considered a critical value. Symptoms of hyponatremia vary from
patient to patient. Initial symptoms are primarily neurologic including
headache or disorientation. Progression to muscle twitching, tremors,
weakness, and changes in consciousness may ensue. When sodium
levels fall below 110 mEq/L, symptoms may become severe usually
because of brain edema leading to delirium, ataxia, psychosis, seizures
or coma.
, 109. monitoring/intervention priority for transporting a sickle cell
disease (CFRN Flash cards) Explain why flight transport personnel
should assess all patients for a history of sickle cell disease prior to
transport. Ans✓✓✓ - High blood pressure without history of chronic
hypertension
- systolic > 140, diastolic > 90
The book differentiates between "pregnancy induced hypertension"
and "pre-eclampsia", so there are other signs and symptoms as well but
the book grouped them under pre-eclampsia and not under the
heading of pregnancy induced hypertension.
Specifically for gestational hypertension...
- New onset of hypertension after 20 weeks gestation
- no protein in the urine
- no manifestations of preeclampsia or eclampsia
11. Designated crash positions (p. 110-111) Ans✓✓✓ -They should sit
upright with the knees together and feet approximately 6 in apart.
-In forward-facing seats equipped with shoulder belts, one should hold
the arms across the chest forming an x with the forearms and grasping
the shoulder harness
-In forward-facing seats without shoulder belts one should bend
forward at the waist and encircle the knees with the arms
-In aft-facing seats, one should sit upright with the head held against
the seat head rest and the arms in an x across the chest.
10. Definition of sterile cockpit Pg 107 Ans✓✓✓ Sterile cockpit refers
to restricting all nonessential communications over the aircraft
intercom system. Federal aviation regulations (FAR 135.100) require
observation of sterile cockpit during all critical phases of flight,
including taxi, takeoff, landing, and all other flight operations except
cruise flight.
100. What should be monitored when transporting a general medical
patient Ans✓✓✓ - vital signs?
101. Causes of hypoglycemia p 378 Ans✓✓✓ - Iatrogenic insulin effects
in patients with T1D are often the typical cause of hypoglycemia, but it
can also be caused by adrenal insufficiencies, sepsis, pancreatic tumors,
and congenital metabolic disorders.
- Some diabetic medications such as sulfonureas and meglitinides can
cause hypoglycemia.
- Increased physical stress, liver disease, lack of food intake, changes in
insulin or oral agents, pregnancy, alcohol consumption, NSAIDs,
phenytoin, thyroid hormones, and beta-blockers
102. Appropriate treatments for hypoglycemia p 378 Ans✓✓✓ Based
on evidence-based medical transport protocols, which include
establishing and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance by initiating
IV fluids with rapidly available glucose, D10, D50, or oral glucose
solutions
,- Glucagon may be considered in patients with adequate hepatic
reserves (nonalcoholics)
103. Appropriate treatments for DKA, HHNS Ans✓✓✓ - Focus of the
management of the patient with DKA is correction of fluid loss with IV
fluids with NS
o Monitoring I&Os
- Correction of hyperglycemia with insulin
- Correction of electrolyte disturbances
- Correction of acid-base balance
- Treatment of the potential cause, such as infection
104. Causes of increased sodium levels in the body pg. 381 Ans✓✓✓
Hypernatremia is caused by dehydration and defined as a level greater
than 145 mEq/L. causes may include gastric fluid losses; osmotic
diuresis; hypothalamic disorders; exercise; seizures; and intake or
administration of hypertonic saline solutions.
105. Blood administration p 223 Ans✓✓✓ - Patients who do not
respond to 1 to 2 L of crystalloid resuscitation, or who appear to be in
hemorrhagic should, should be infused with type O uncross-matched
blood. Because RBC are not independently lost during hemorrhage, a
multiproduct transfusion protocol should be considered if available.
- The best ratio for administration of blood products is 1:1:1
(RBCs:plasma:platelets)
,- Stop hemorrhage, administer blood products and TXA to prevent
coagulopathies
106. s/s of hypocalcemia pg 382 Ans✓✓✓ A calcium level less than 8.5
mEq/L. clinical findings are significant for positive Chvostek sign (light
facial tap eliciting abnormal facial spasms) and positive Trousseau sign (
Carpal spasms induced by inflation of a bloodpressure cuff on upper
arm. Patients may display other symptoms such as numbness or
tingling of the fingers, toes, nose, lips, or earlobes; facial grimacing;
muscle twitching hyperactive deep tendon reflexes; and abdominal
pain.
107. s/s of hypokalemia pg 382 Ans✓✓✓ Level less than 3.5 indicates
hypokalemia. Excessive diarrhea and vomiting, excessive diuresis,
intestinal obstruction, GI suctioning, renal insufficiency, overuse of
laxatives or steroids, severe anal trauma, and excessive sweating are all
associated with hypokalemia.
108. s/s of hyponatremia pg 381 Ans✓✓✓ A sodium level less than 135
mEq/L indicates hyponatremia; a level less than 120 mEq/L is
considered a critical value. Symptoms of hyponatremia vary from
patient to patient. Initial symptoms are primarily neurologic including
headache or disorientation. Progression to muscle twitching, tremors,
weakness, and changes in consciousness may ensue. When sodium
levels fall below 110 mEq/L, symptoms may become severe usually
because of brain edema leading to delirium, ataxia, psychosis, seizures
or coma.
, 109. monitoring/intervention priority for transporting a sickle cell
disease (CFRN Flash cards) Explain why flight transport personnel
should assess all patients for a history of sickle cell disease prior to
transport. Ans✓✓✓ - High blood pressure without history of chronic
hypertension
- systolic > 140, diastolic > 90
The book differentiates between "pregnancy induced hypertension"
and "pre-eclampsia", so there are other signs and symptoms as well but
the book grouped them under pre-eclampsia and not under the
heading of pregnancy induced hypertension.
Specifically for gestational hypertension...
- New onset of hypertension after 20 weeks gestation
- no protein in the urine
- no manifestations of preeclampsia or eclampsia
11. Designated crash positions (p. 110-111) Ans✓✓✓ -They should sit
upright with the knees together and feet approximately 6 in apart.
-In forward-facing seats equipped with shoulder belts, one should hold
the arms across the chest forming an x with the forearms and grasping
the shoulder harness
-In forward-facing seats without shoulder belts one should bend
forward at the waist and encircle the knees with the arms
-In aft-facing seats, one should sit upright with the head held against
the seat head rest and the arms in an x across the chest.
