NSG 533 – Oncogenesis 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Verified Answers |
Already Graded A+
Inherited forms of cancer are __________ mutations are thought to
account for approximately _______% of all adult cancers - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔germ line
5-10%
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) susceptibility syndrome involves
germ line mutations in which gene? What does it encode? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔CDH1 gene that encodes the protein E-cadherin
Hereditary breast & ovarian cancer is more common in which ethnic group?
- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔More common in people of Ashkenazi Jewish decent
Women with hereditary breast & ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome have a
germ line mutation in which gene? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Either BRCA1 or
BRCA2
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1
,Approximately what percent of gastic cancers involves germ line mutations
in CDH1 gene? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Approximately 3 % of all gastric cancers
Life time risk of developing breast & ovarian cancer is up to _____%
(breast) and _____% (ovarian). - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔85%
40%
HNPCC (Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer), also known as Lynch
Syndrome, comes from a mutation in several genes involved in what
function? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔DNA repair
Hallmarks of hereditary cancers (5):
EMBRA - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Early age on onset: < 40 - 50 years for adult
onset cancers
- Multiple primary cancers in a single individual: (breast & ovarian)
- Bilateral cancers in paired organs (breast, kidney)
- Rare presentations of cancer (male with breast cancer)
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, - Abnormalities known to be linked with ↑ cancer risk—atypical nevi & risk
of melanoma
What is one of the most common types of hereditary cancer? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Breast and ovarian cancer
Familial cancers suggest a clustering of cancers that likely occurred by
chance. How is this explained? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔There may be a
combination of genetic and non-genetic (i.e., environmental) factors that
contributed to the development of cancers within a family. i.e. smoking,
obesity
True or False. In familial cancer, an alteration in a single major gene is
typically identified. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔False. In familial cancer, an alteration in
a single major gene is unlikely or not identified
What are four examples of environmental factors that may influence cancer
risk? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Diet, lifestyle, sun exposure, hormonal responses
What are the three defining characteristics of cancer cells? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Dysregulated growth - this factor alone does not cause malignancy;
ability to invade and metastasize are of equal pathophysiologic importance
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
Questions and Verified Answers |
Already Graded A+
Inherited forms of cancer are __________ mutations are thought to
account for approximately _______% of all adult cancers - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔germ line
5-10%
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) susceptibility syndrome involves
germ line mutations in which gene? What does it encode? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔CDH1 gene that encodes the protein E-cadherin
Hereditary breast & ovarian cancer is more common in which ethnic group?
- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔More common in people of Ashkenazi Jewish decent
Women with hereditary breast & ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome have a
germ line mutation in which gene? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Either BRCA1 or
BRCA2
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,Approximately what percent of gastic cancers involves germ line mutations
in CDH1 gene? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Approximately 3 % of all gastric cancers
Life time risk of developing breast & ovarian cancer is up to _____%
(breast) and _____% (ovarian). - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔85%
40%
HNPCC (Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer), also known as Lynch
Syndrome, comes from a mutation in several genes involved in what
function? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔DNA repair
Hallmarks of hereditary cancers (5):
EMBRA - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Early age on onset: < 40 - 50 years for adult
onset cancers
- Multiple primary cancers in a single individual: (breast & ovarian)
- Bilateral cancers in paired organs (breast, kidney)
- Rare presentations of cancer (male with breast cancer)
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, - Abnormalities known to be linked with ↑ cancer risk—atypical nevi & risk
of melanoma
What is one of the most common types of hereditary cancer? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Breast and ovarian cancer
Familial cancers suggest a clustering of cancers that likely occurred by
chance. How is this explained? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔There may be a
combination of genetic and non-genetic (i.e., environmental) factors that
contributed to the development of cancers within a family. i.e. smoking,
obesity
True or False. In familial cancer, an alteration in a single major gene is
typically identified. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔False. In familial cancer, an alteration in
a single major gene is unlikely or not identified
What are four examples of environmental factors that may influence cancer
risk? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Diet, lifestyle, sun exposure, hormonal responses
What are the three defining characteristics of cancer cells? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Dysregulated growth - this factor alone does not cause malignancy;
ability to invade and metastasize are of equal pathophysiologic importance
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
