Distributed Systems Test 1 EXAM Questions and Accurate Answers 2024/2025 | verified
What is a distributed system? - One in which hardware or software components located at
networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions only by passing messages
Characteristics/Key Challenges of Distributed Systems - 1.Heterogeneity - many types of
hardware and software; handled by middleware and mobile code
2.Openness - seamless extension, easy to expand; requires interfaces, communication
mechanisms and standards
3.Security - CIA model
4.Scalability - add resources within appropriate costs
5.Failure Handing - Failures should be partial, not take down the whole system
6.Concurrency - independent processes run simultaneously; resources must be managed
7.Transparency - system must be perceived as whole
8.Quality of Service - Reliable, secure, good performance; deadlines
Methods of Failure Handling - Detect a failure
Mask the failure
Tolerate the failure
Recover from the failure
Redundancy
Types of Transparency - Access - remote and local access use same commands
Location - no physical address knowledge requirements
Concurrency - no interference between running processes
Replication - multiple instances of resource used without user knowledge of existence
Failure - faults must be concealed so processes and applications can continue to run
Mobility - resources and clients in a system are able to move
Performance - system can reconfigure based on loads
Scale - system can increase in size without change to structure or applications
, Want for distributed systems - Sharing of resources allows for significantly higher power
than any individual computer. Allows performing of tasks that wouldn't happen otherwise.
Allows communications and collaborations to exist that wouldn't otherwise
Message Passing - a relationship between objects permitting communication; transmission
of information
Resource Sharing - Allowing multiple devices and processes access to available resources
in a system. The key goal of distributed systems
No Global Clock - There is no perfect clock synchronization in a distributed system.
Clocks can drift, so no part of a system can know the exact time of any other part of the system
Trends in Distributed Systems - Pervasive Networking - Collections of connected
networks
Ubiquitous computing - Computing embedded into everyday objects
Mobile Computing - Being able to perform tasks on the go
Multimedia Services - media access and streaming
Systems as a Utility - resource sharing
Client - Computer that sends a request to a server
Server - Computer that fulfills a request for a client
Remote Invocation - complete interaction between a client and server
Request for Comments (RFC) - A series of documents and notes on standards
used or proposed for use on the Internet; each is identified by a number.
What is a distributed system? - One in which hardware or software components located at
networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions only by passing messages
Characteristics/Key Challenges of Distributed Systems - 1.Heterogeneity - many types of
hardware and software; handled by middleware and mobile code
2.Openness - seamless extension, easy to expand; requires interfaces, communication
mechanisms and standards
3.Security - CIA model
4.Scalability - add resources within appropriate costs
5.Failure Handing - Failures should be partial, not take down the whole system
6.Concurrency - independent processes run simultaneously; resources must be managed
7.Transparency - system must be perceived as whole
8.Quality of Service - Reliable, secure, good performance; deadlines
Methods of Failure Handling - Detect a failure
Mask the failure
Tolerate the failure
Recover from the failure
Redundancy
Types of Transparency - Access - remote and local access use same commands
Location - no physical address knowledge requirements
Concurrency - no interference between running processes
Replication - multiple instances of resource used without user knowledge of existence
Failure - faults must be concealed so processes and applications can continue to run
Mobility - resources and clients in a system are able to move
Performance - system can reconfigure based on loads
Scale - system can increase in size without change to structure or applications
, Want for distributed systems - Sharing of resources allows for significantly higher power
than any individual computer. Allows performing of tasks that wouldn't happen otherwise.
Allows communications and collaborations to exist that wouldn't otherwise
Message Passing - a relationship between objects permitting communication; transmission
of information
Resource Sharing - Allowing multiple devices and processes access to available resources
in a system. The key goal of distributed systems
No Global Clock - There is no perfect clock synchronization in a distributed system.
Clocks can drift, so no part of a system can know the exact time of any other part of the system
Trends in Distributed Systems - Pervasive Networking - Collections of connected
networks
Ubiquitous computing - Computing embedded into everyday objects
Mobile Computing - Being able to perform tasks on the go
Multimedia Services - media access and streaming
Systems as a Utility - resource sharing
Client - Computer that sends a request to a server
Server - Computer that fulfills a request for a client
Remote Invocation - complete interaction between a client and server
Request for Comments (RFC) - A series of documents and notes on standards
used or proposed for use on the Internet; each is identified by a number.
