BIOC 201 TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS 2024/2025 | VERIFIED
Why do fat droplets in a system of water eventually come together to form one fat droplet? -
nonpolar spontaneously interacts with nonpolar via *hydrophobic interaction*
Why do fat droplets in a system of water come together, because isn't entropy supposed to increase? -
1. fats are (kind of) repelled by water
2. fats altogether have lower surface area
3. ice-like water around each fat droplet increases in disorder
Do lipids combine together? - no
Are C-H, C-C bonds polar or nonpolar - nonpolar
trace elements - elements required by organism in smallest quantities
valence - atom's bonding capacity (number of unpaired electrons, number of covalent bonds
atom can form to complete shell)
What is the strength of ionic bonds in aqueous phase? - weak
What are the four emergent properties of water for life? - 1. cohesion
2. moderation of temperature
3. higher density of water than ice
4. Universal solvent
surface tension - measure of how difficult it is to stretch/break surface of liquid
evaporative cooling - as liquid evaporates, surface of liquid that remains behind cools down
,Why is water more dense than ice? - H bonding in ice keeps molecules *apart*, lack of speed
prevents them from breaking H bonds, leaving them in a lattice
What are two qualities of hydrophobic substances? - nonionic and nonpolar
What are common ingredients of organic molecules? - *C*, H, O, N, (S, P)
What did Miller and Urey conclude? - complex organic molecules arise spontaneously under
conditions of early Earth
hydrocarbon - organic molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen
Where are hydrocarbons found? - petroleum, tails of fats
isomers - compounds with same literal formula, but different structure
structural isomers - differ in covalent arrangement of atoms
cis-trans isomers - carbons have covalent bonds to same atoms, but atoms differ in spatial
arrangement
enantiomers - isomers that are mirror images of each other
asymmetric carbon - carbon attached to 4+ different atoms
functional group - chemical group involved in chemical rxns directly
hydroxyl group - polar, *alcohol*
, carbonyl group - *aldehydes*, *ketones*
carboxyl group - carboxylic *acid*
amino group - *amine*
sulfhydryl group - *thiols*
phosphate group - (organic phosphate)
methyl group - (methylated compound)
macromolecules - huge carbohydrates, proteins, or nucleic acids
polymer - long chain of identical monomers in carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
What happens when 5 or 6 carbon sugars are in aqueous solutions? - they form rings
glycosodic linkage - formation of disaccharide by dehydration synthesis between first and fourth
carbon of respective sugars
how do plants and muscles store polysaccharides? - starch, glycogen
Difference between alpha and beta glucose? - orientation of H and OH upon the first carbon is
flipped
Difference between alpha and beta linkage? - starch, cellulose
chitin - structural polysaccharide in arthropods and fungi
Why do fat droplets in a system of water eventually come together to form one fat droplet? -
nonpolar spontaneously interacts with nonpolar via *hydrophobic interaction*
Why do fat droplets in a system of water come together, because isn't entropy supposed to increase? -
1. fats are (kind of) repelled by water
2. fats altogether have lower surface area
3. ice-like water around each fat droplet increases in disorder
Do lipids combine together? - no
Are C-H, C-C bonds polar or nonpolar - nonpolar
trace elements - elements required by organism in smallest quantities
valence - atom's bonding capacity (number of unpaired electrons, number of covalent bonds
atom can form to complete shell)
What is the strength of ionic bonds in aqueous phase? - weak
What are the four emergent properties of water for life? - 1. cohesion
2. moderation of temperature
3. higher density of water than ice
4. Universal solvent
surface tension - measure of how difficult it is to stretch/break surface of liquid
evaporative cooling - as liquid evaporates, surface of liquid that remains behind cools down
,Why is water more dense than ice? - H bonding in ice keeps molecules *apart*, lack of speed
prevents them from breaking H bonds, leaving them in a lattice
What are two qualities of hydrophobic substances? - nonionic and nonpolar
What are common ingredients of organic molecules? - *C*, H, O, N, (S, P)
What did Miller and Urey conclude? - complex organic molecules arise spontaneously under
conditions of early Earth
hydrocarbon - organic molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen
Where are hydrocarbons found? - petroleum, tails of fats
isomers - compounds with same literal formula, but different structure
structural isomers - differ in covalent arrangement of atoms
cis-trans isomers - carbons have covalent bonds to same atoms, but atoms differ in spatial
arrangement
enantiomers - isomers that are mirror images of each other
asymmetric carbon - carbon attached to 4+ different atoms
functional group - chemical group involved in chemical rxns directly
hydroxyl group - polar, *alcohol*
, carbonyl group - *aldehydes*, *ketones*
carboxyl group - carboxylic *acid*
amino group - *amine*
sulfhydryl group - *thiols*
phosphate group - (organic phosphate)
methyl group - (methylated compound)
macromolecules - huge carbohydrates, proteins, or nucleic acids
polymer - long chain of identical monomers in carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
What happens when 5 or 6 carbon sugars are in aqueous solutions? - they form rings
glycosodic linkage - formation of disaccharide by dehydration synthesis between first and fourth
carbon of respective sugars
how do plants and muscles store polysaccharides? - starch, glycogen
Difference between alpha and beta glucose? - orientation of H and OH upon the first carbon is
flipped
Difference between alpha and beta linkage? - starch, cellulose
chitin - structural polysaccharide in arthropods and fungi
