Biology L112 Final Exam with precise 5 5 5 5 5 5
detailed solutions 5
heredity - Correct answer ✔The transmission of traits from one generation to
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the next.
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variation - Correct answer ✔Differences between members of the same
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species.
genetics - Correct answer ✔the scientific study of heredity and hereditary
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variation.
genes - Correct answer ✔a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting
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of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
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gametes - Correct answer ✔A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or
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sperm.
somatic cells - Correct answer ✔any cell in a multicellular organism except a
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sperm or egg or their precursors.
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locus - Correct answer ✔a specific place along the length of a chromosome
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where a given gene is located.
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,asexual reproduction - Correct answer ✔the generation of off-spring from a
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single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes.
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clone - Correct answer ✔a lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells.
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sexual reproduction - Correct answer ✔a type of reproduction in which two
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parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes
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inherited from both parents via the gametes
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karyotype - Correct answer ✔a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell
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arranges by size and shape 5 5 5 5
homologous chromosomes (homologs) - Correct answer ✔a pair of 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern
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that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci.
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sex chromosomes - Correct answer ✔a chromosome responsible for
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determining the sex of an individual, 5 5 5 5 5
autosomes - Correct answer ✔a chromosome that is not directly involved in
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determining sex; not a sex chromosome. 5 5 5 5 5
diploid cell - Correct answer ✔a cell containing two sets of chromosomes
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(2n), one set inherited from each parent.
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, haploid cells - Correct answer ✔a cell containing only one set of
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chromosomes
fertilization - Correct answer ✔the union of haploid gametes to produce a
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diploid zygote 5
zygote - Correct answer ✔the diploid cell produced by the union of haploid
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gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg.
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meiosis - Correct answer ✔a modified type of cell division in sexually
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reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one
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round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of
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chromosome sets as the original cell. 5 5 5 5 5
alternation of generations - Correct answer ✔a life cycle in which there is
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both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid
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form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae.
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meiosis 1 - Correct answer ✔the first division of a two-stage process of cell
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division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the
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number of chromosome sets as teh original cell.
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meiosis 2 - Correct answer ✔the second division of a two-stage process of cell
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division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the
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number of chromosome sets as the original cell.
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detailed solutions 5
heredity - Correct answer ✔The transmission of traits from one generation to
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
the next.
5
variation - Correct answer ✔Differences between members of the same
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
species.
genetics - Correct answer ✔the scientific study of heredity and hereditary
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
variation.
genes - Correct answer ✔a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting
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of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
gametes - Correct answer ✔A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
sperm.
somatic cells - Correct answer ✔any cell in a multicellular organism except a
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sperm or egg or their precursors.
5 5 5 5 5
locus - Correct answer ✔a specific place along the length of a chromosome
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where a given gene is located.
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,asexual reproduction - Correct answer ✔the generation of off-spring from a
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single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes.
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
clone - Correct answer ✔a lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells.
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
sexual reproduction - Correct answer ✔a type of reproduction in which two
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parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes
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inherited from both parents via the gametes
5 5 5 5 5 5
karyotype - Correct answer ✔a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell
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arranges by size and shape 5 5 5 5
homologous chromosomes (homologs) - Correct answer ✔a pair of 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern
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that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci.
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
sex chromosomes - Correct answer ✔a chromosome responsible for
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determining the sex of an individual, 5 5 5 5 5
autosomes - Correct answer ✔a chromosome that is not directly involved in
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determining sex; not a sex chromosome. 5 5 5 5 5
diploid cell - Correct answer ✔a cell containing two sets of chromosomes
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(2n), one set inherited from each parent.
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, haploid cells - Correct answer ✔a cell containing only one set of
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chromosomes
fertilization - Correct answer ✔the union of haploid gametes to produce a
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diploid zygote 5
zygote - Correct answer ✔the diploid cell produced by the union of haploid
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gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg.
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meiosis - Correct answer ✔a modified type of cell division in sexually
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reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
chromosome sets as the original cell. 5 5 5 5 5
alternation of generations - Correct answer ✔a life cycle in which there is
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both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae.
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
meiosis 1 - Correct answer ✔the first division of a two-stage process of cell
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division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
number of chromosome sets as teh original cell.
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
meiosis 2 - Correct answer ✔the second division of a two-stage process of cell
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division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the
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number of chromosome sets as the original cell.
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