NSG 3500 MATERNAL HEALTH EXAM 1
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Mesoderm - ANSWER-the embryo's middle layer.
Gonad (Sex Gland) - ANSWER-Is the first structure that is formed in the body. Is
composed of an internal portion called a medulla and an external portion known as the
cortex.
What happens in the 7th to 8th week of gestation in a male embryo? - ANSWER-The
cortex of the gonad regresses, and the medulla develop into a testis
What process is stimulated by the production of testosterone in the testes in the male
embryo? - ANSWER-The mesonephric ducts evolve into the efferent ductule, vas
deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicle, ad ejaculatory duct.
When do the testes produce spermatoza (sperm)? - ANSWER-Not until the male
individual reaches puberty.
At the time of birth how many oocytes is present in the ovary? - ANSWER-2 to 4 million
Vulva (pudendum femininum) - ANSWER-Is the portion of the female external genitalia
that lies posterior to the mons pubis. It consist of the labia majora, labia minora, citoris,
vestibule of the vagina, vaginal opening, and Bartholin's glands.
Mons Pubis (Mons Veneris) - ANSWER-Is a layer of subcutaneous tissue anterior to the
genitalia in front of the symphysis pubis. Located in the lowest portion of the abdomen
and typically is covered with pubic hair that grows in a transverse pattern. The texture
and amount of pubic hair vary ethnically. This part of the female reproductive system is
essentially a fatty pad that cushions and protects the pelvic bones, especially during
intercourse. Its main function is to protect the clitoris and vestibule.
Labia Majora - ANSWER-Are the two folds of tissue that lie lateral to the genitalia and
serve to protect the delicate tissue between them. Normally this is covered with pubic
hair, while the media surfaces which are moist and pink, are without pubic hair. During
pregnancy, this part is highly vascular as a result of hormonal influences. Its main
function is to protect the clitoris and vestibule.
Labia Minora - ANSWER-Are two folds of tissue that lie within the labia majora and
converge near the anus. This structure is moist and absent of hair follicles and
resembles mucous membrane. It contains a number of sebaceous glands that provide
lubrication and protective bacteriocidal secretions. During puberty, this enlarges and
,after menopause, it becomes smaller becomes because of the declining hormonal
levels. Its main function is to protect the clitoris and vestibule.
Clitoris - ANSWER-Is located at the upper junction of the labia minora. Its composed of
erectile tissue and is primarily the organ of sexual pleasure and orgasm in women. It
contains rich blood and nerve supply and is extremely sensitive. Sensory receptors
located in this part send information to the sexual response area in the brain (limbic
system).
What does the clitoris secrete? - ANSWER-Smegma which is a cheese like fatty
substance with a distinctive odor.
Prepuce (Clitoral hood) - ANSWER-Is a small fold of skin that partially covers the glans
(head) of the clitoris.
Vestibule - ANSWER-Is essentially an oval-shaped enclosed by the labia minora. It
contains openings to the urethra and vagina, the Skene's glands, and the Bartholin's
glands. This area is extremely sensitive to chemical irritants. Nurses should be prepared
to educate women about the potential discomforts associated with the use of dyes and
perfumes found in soaps, detergents, and feminine hygiene products and encourage
their discontinuation if symptoms develop.
Urethral (Urinary) Meatus - ANSWER-Is located in the midline of the vestibule,
approximately 0.4 to 1 inch (1 to 2.5 cm) below the clitoris. The small opening is often
shaped like an inverted "V"
Vaginal Orifice (Introitus) - ANSWER-Is in the lower portion of the vestibule posterior to
the urethral meatus,. It is essentially a boundary between the internal and external
genitals.
Hymen - ANSWER-A connective tissue membrane, encircles the vaginal introitus. It
typically forms border around the entrance of the vagina in premenstrual girls. The
tissue does not completely cover or occlude the vagina. Ultimately, this part becomes
widened, sometimes by tearing, which may be accompanied by bleeding. Widening of
this area may also occur from vulvar injury, tampon insertion, or at the time of the first
sexaul intercourse,
Skene's Glands (Paraurethral Glands) - ANSWER-Located on each side of the urethra,
produces mucus that helps to lubricate the vagina. These are not readily visible. To
facilitate examination, the margins of the urethra are drawn apart and the mucous
membrane gently everted to reveal the smaller glandular opening on each side of the
floor of the urethra.
Bartholin's Glands - ANSWER-Also known as the greater vestibular or vulvovaginal
glands are located deep within the posterior portion of the vestibule near the posterior
, vaginal introitus. These glands secrete a clear mucus that moistens and lubricates the
vagina during sexual arousal.
Perineum - ANSWER-An anatomical landmark is the skin-covered region between the
vagina and and anus. It consist of fibromuscular tissue located between the lower part
of the vagina and the anus. During the labor process, as the fetus descends through the
vagina, this part stretches and becomes very thin, sometimes tearing as the baby is
born.
Ovaries (Internal Structure) - ANSWER-They produce ova (female gametes or eggs)
that are required for reproduction and responsible for secretion of female sex hormones.
Both of these functions become activated at the time of puberty. They are a pair of oval
structures, each measuring approximately 1.5 inches (4cm) long, located on each side
of the uterus below and behind the fallopian tubes. The ovarian ligament extends from
the medial side of each ovary to the uterine wall, the broad ligament is a fold of the
peritoneum that provides a covering for ovaries. These two ligaments help to keep the
ovaries in place. These are the female gonads'. This part also secrete the female sex
hormones estrogen and progesterone. This important endocrine function helps to
regulate to regulate the menstrual.
Oogenesis - ANSWER-The process of meiosis for egg cell formation results in the
formation of mature egg within the ovary. This process occurs at regular (usually
monthly) intervals. This process begins in the ovaries and is regulated by follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH), which initiates the growth of ovarian follicles. Each follicle
contains an oogonium or egg-generating cells. FSH also stimulates the follicle cells to
secrete estrogen, which promotes maturation of the ovum. For each primary oocyte that
undergoes the process of meiosis, only one functional egg cell is produced. The polar
bodies (remaining three cells) have no function and deteriorate. A mature ovarian follicle
also called a graafian follicle, contains the secondary oocyte and the ovum nucleus
becomes the female pronucleus.
Fallopian Tubes (Uterine Tubes- Oviducts) Internal Structure - ANSWER-Measuring
approximately 4 inches (10 cm) in length, the lateral end of each fallopian tube encloses
an ovary, the medial ends open into the uterus. These tubes are composed of four
layers (External layer and progressing inward to the internal layer, these include
peritoneal (serous), which is covered by the peritoneum, the subserous (adventitial), the
muscular, and the mucous layers. (The blood and nerve supplies are housed in the
subserous layer. The muscular layer has an inner circular and an outer longitudinal later
of smooth muscle. It provides peristalsis that assist in plantation. The mucosal layer
contains cilia (hairlike projections) that also assist in directing the ovum toward the
uterus.
Infundibulum (1st division of fallopian tubes) - ANSWER-Is the funnel shaped portion
located at the distal end of the fallopian tube. The ovum enters the fallopian tube
through a small opening (ostium) located at the bottom of the infundibulum. Several
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Mesoderm - ANSWER-the embryo's middle layer.
Gonad (Sex Gland) - ANSWER-Is the first structure that is formed in the body. Is
composed of an internal portion called a medulla and an external portion known as the
cortex.
What happens in the 7th to 8th week of gestation in a male embryo? - ANSWER-The
cortex of the gonad regresses, and the medulla develop into a testis
What process is stimulated by the production of testosterone in the testes in the male
embryo? - ANSWER-The mesonephric ducts evolve into the efferent ductule, vas
deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicle, ad ejaculatory duct.
When do the testes produce spermatoza (sperm)? - ANSWER-Not until the male
individual reaches puberty.
At the time of birth how many oocytes is present in the ovary? - ANSWER-2 to 4 million
Vulva (pudendum femininum) - ANSWER-Is the portion of the female external genitalia
that lies posterior to the mons pubis. It consist of the labia majora, labia minora, citoris,
vestibule of the vagina, vaginal opening, and Bartholin's glands.
Mons Pubis (Mons Veneris) - ANSWER-Is a layer of subcutaneous tissue anterior to the
genitalia in front of the symphysis pubis. Located in the lowest portion of the abdomen
and typically is covered with pubic hair that grows in a transverse pattern. The texture
and amount of pubic hair vary ethnically. This part of the female reproductive system is
essentially a fatty pad that cushions and protects the pelvic bones, especially during
intercourse. Its main function is to protect the clitoris and vestibule.
Labia Majora - ANSWER-Are the two folds of tissue that lie lateral to the genitalia and
serve to protect the delicate tissue between them. Normally this is covered with pubic
hair, while the media surfaces which are moist and pink, are without pubic hair. During
pregnancy, this part is highly vascular as a result of hormonal influences. Its main
function is to protect the clitoris and vestibule.
Labia Minora - ANSWER-Are two folds of tissue that lie within the labia majora and
converge near the anus. This structure is moist and absent of hair follicles and
resembles mucous membrane. It contains a number of sebaceous glands that provide
lubrication and protective bacteriocidal secretions. During puberty, this enlarges and
,after menopause, it becomes smaller becomes because of the declining hormonal
levels. Its main function is to protect the clitoris and vestibule.
Clitoris - ANSWER-Is located at the upper junction of the labia minora. Its composed of
erectile tissue and is primarily the organ of sexual pleasure and orgasm in women. It
contains rich blood and nerve supply and is extremely sensitive. Sensory receptors
located in this part send information to the sexual response area in the brain (limbic
system).
What does the clitoris secrete? - ANSWER-Smegma which is a cheese like fatty
substance with a distinctive odor.
Prepuce (Clitoral hood) - ANSWER-Is a small fold of skin that partially covers the glans
(head) of the clitoris.
Vestibule - ANSWER-Is essentially an oval-shaped enclosed by the labia minora. It
contains openings to the urethra and vagina, the Skene's glands, and the Bartholin's
glands. This area is extremely sensitive to chemical irritants. Nurses should be prepared
to educate women about the potential discomforts associated with the use of dyes and
perfumes found in soaps, detergents, and feminine hygiene products and encourage
their discontinuation if symptoms develop.
Urethral (Urinary) Meatus - ANSWER-Is located in the midline of the vestibule,
approximately 0.4 to 1 inch (1 to 2.5 cm) below the clitoris. The small opening is often
shaped like an inverted "V"
Vaginal Orifice (Introitus) - ANSWER-Is in the lower portion of the vestibule posterior to
the urethral meatus,. It is essentially a boundary between the internal and external
genitals.
Hymen - ANSWER-A connective tissue membrane, encircles the vaginal introitus. It
typically forms border around the entrance of the vagina in premenstrual girls. The
tissue does not completely cover or occlude the vagina. Ultimately, this part becomes
widened, sometimes by tearing, which may be accompanied by bleeding. Widening of
this area may also occur from vulvar injury, tampon insertion, or at the time of the first
sexaul intercourse,
Skene's Glands (Paraurethral Glands) - ANSWER-Located on each side of the urethra,
produces mucus that helps to lubricate the vagina. These are not readily visible. To
facilitate examination, the margins of the urethra are drawn apart and the mucous
membrane gently everted to reveal the smaller glandular opening on each side of the
floor of the urethra.
Bartholin's Glands - ANSWER-Also known as the greater vestibular or vulvovaginal
glands are located deep within the posterior portion of the vestibule near the posterior
, vaginal introitus. These glands secrete a clear mucus that moistens and lubricates the
vagina during sexual arousal.
Perineum - ANSWER-An anatomical landmark is the skin-covered region between the
vagina and and anus. It consist of fibromuscular tissue located between the lower part
of the vagina and the anus. During the labor process, as the fetus descends through the
vagina, this part stretches and becomes very thin, sometimes tearing as the baby is
born.
Ovaries (Internal Structure) - ANSWER-They produce ova (female gametes or eggs)
that are required for reproduction and responsible for secretion of female sex hormones.
Both of these functions become activated at the time of puberty. They are a pair of oval
structures, each measuring approximately 1.5 inches (4cm) long, located on each side
of the uterus below and behind the fallopian tubes. The ovarian ligament extends from
the medial side of each ovary to the uterine wall, the broad ligament is a fold of the
peritoneum that provides a covering for ovaries. These two ligaments help to keep the
ovaries in place. These are the female gonads'. This part also secrete the female sex
hormones estrogen and progesterone. This important endocrine function helps to
regulate to regulate the menstrual.
Oogenesis - ANSWER-The process of meiosis for egg cell formation results in the
formation of mature egg within the ovary. This process occurs at regular (usually
monthly) intervals. This process begins in the ovaries and is regulated by follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH), which initiates the growth of ovarian follicles. Each follicle
contains an oogonium or egg-generating cells. FSH also stimulates the follicle cells to
secrete estrogen, which promotes maturation of the ovum. For each primary oocyte that
undergoes the process of meiosis, only one functional egg cell is produced. The polar
bodies (remaining three cells) have no function and deteriorate. A mature ovarian follicle
also called a graafian follicle, contains the secondary oocyte and the ovum nucleus
becomes the female pronucleus.
Fallopian Tubes (Uterine Tubes- Oviducts) Internal Structure - ANSWER-Measuring
approximately 4 inches (10 cm) in length, the lateral end of each fallopian tube encloses
an ovary, the medial ends open into the uterus. These tubes are composed of four
layers (External layer and progressing inward to the internal layer, these include
peritoneal (serous), which is covered by the peritoneum, the subserous (adventitial), the
muscular, and the mucous layers. (The blood and nerve supplies are housed in the
subserous layer. The muscular layer has an inner circular and an outer longitudinal later
of smooth muscle. It provides peristalsis that assist in plantation. The mucosal layer
contains cilia (hairlike projections) that also assist in directing the ovum toward the
uterus.
Infundibulum (1st division of fallopian tubes) - ANSWER-Is the funnel shaped portion
located at the distal end of the fallopian tube. The ovum enters the fallopian tube
through a small opening (ostium) located at the bottom of the infundibulum. Several
