Memory
,Stages involved in learning _+ Memory
MEMORY: the metal processes involved in recieving, storing and recovering info
RECEIVING: info inputs through sensory receptors e.g: sight,
sound, smell, touch
STORING where info is stored, for how long and in what format
LEARNING + MEMORY: / CODING:
RECOVERING: accessing + recovering stored info
STM + ltm
STM LTM
CAPACITY • limited
• 5-9 items Unlimited
How much
• MILLER - 7+/-
7 1 22
+ -
• JACOBS
DURATION • 18-30 seconds • lifetime
• PETERSON + PETERSON • BAHRICK
How long
CODING • mainly acoustic • mainly semantic
• attach meaning
What form • BADDERLY
• BADDERLY
,Sensory register
3 types of memory: *differ in terms of duration, capacity + coding
1. Sensory register
2. Short term memory
3. Long term memory
• temp stores info from senses • short limited duration
• Constantly rec info
• Unless we pay att to info - disappears quickly
• Due to spontaneous decay
Capacity Unlimited
Duration 250 milliseconds
Coding Dep on sense that has picked it up
Sperling
• lab experiment
• Ps shown grid w 3 rows of 4 letters
• For 0.05 seconds
• immediately recall whole grid
• or randomly chosen row indicated by tone played straight after
• on av ps recalled 3 items from an row
• Almost whole grid held in sensory register
• Couldn't report whole grid bc trace fasted before finish recall
Strengths Weaknesses
1. HIGH CONT OVER VARIABLES 1. LACKS ECOLOGICAL VAL
• amount of time flashed up • what spec ant study????
• Tone + instructions • not sure if SR works in same way in RW si
• Infer cause + effect: • E.g: in a classroom
• SR = unlimited cap + short dur
• Inc confidence in findings
, Capacity of stm
Have to repeat back IMMEDIATELY
Jacobs:
Procedure
• measured digit span
• Ps given string of digits or letter
• Have to repeat list out loud in corr order
• List of num incr until p cannot recall them in correct order
• Determ individuals digit span
Findings
• mean span for digits = 9.3 items
• Mean span for letters = 7.3 items
Conclusions
• capacity of STM limited to 7-9 items
Miller:
Aim
• cap of STM
• Chunking assists memory in ST
Procedure
• read strings of nums
• Had to recall imm after presentation in correct order
• Length of list grad incr
• Until p could only recall lists corr of 50% of trials
• incl trials where 'chunked' nums into small groups
• See if aided memory
,Stages involved in learning _+ Memory
MEMORY: the metal processes involved in recieving, storing and recovering info
RECEIVING: info inputs through sensory receptors e.g: sight,
sound, smell, touch
STORING where info is stored, for how long and in what format
LEARNING + MEMORY: / CODING:
RECOVERING: accessing + recovering stored info
STM + ltm
STM LTM
CAPACITY • limited
• 5-9 items Unlimited
How much
• MILLER - 7+/-
7 1 22
+ -
• JACOBS
DURATION • 18-30 seconds • lifetime
• PETERSON + PETERSON • BAHRICK
How long
CODING • mainly acoustic • mainly semantic
• attach meaning
What form • BADDERLY
• BADDERLY
,Sensory register
3 types of memory: *differ in terms of duration, capacity + coding
1. Sensory register
2. Short term memory
3. Long term memory
• temp stores info from senses • short limited duration
• Constantly rec info
• Unless we pay att to info - disappears quickly
• Due to spontaneous decay
Capacity Unlimited
Duration 250 milliseconds
Coding Dep on sense that has picked it up
Sperling
• lab experiment
• Ps shown grid w 3 rows of 4 letters
• For 0.05 seconds
• immediately recall whole grid
• or randomly chosen row indicated by tone played straight after
• on av ps recalled 3 items from an row
• Almost whole grid held in sensory register
• Couldn't report whole grid bc trace fasted before finish recall
Strengths Weaknesses
1. HIGH CONT OVER VARIABLES 1. LACKS ECOLOGICAL VAL
• amount of time flashed up • what spec ant study????
• Tone + instructions • not sure if SR works in same way in RW si
• Infer cause + effect: • E.g: in a classroom
• SR = unlimited cap + short dur
• Inc confidence in findings
, Capacity of stm
Have to repeat back IMMEDIATELY
Jacobs:
Procedure
• measured digit span
• Ps given string of digits or letter
• Have to repeat list out loud in corr order
• List of num incr until p cannot recall them in correct order
• Determ individuals digit span
Findings
• mean span for digits = 9.3 items
• Mean span for letters = 7.3 items
Conclusions
• capacity of STM limited to 7-9 items
Miller:
Aim
• cap of STM
• Chunking assists memory in ST
Procedure
• read strings of nums
• Had to recall imm after presentation in correct order
• Length of list grad incr
• Until p could only recall lists corr of 50% of trials
• incl trials where 'chunked' nums into small groups
• See if aided memory
