Summary "Python Programming for Beginners to Intermediate | Complete Notes, Examples & Mini Project"

By : Ateeqa Khadam


📘 Python for Beginners to Intermediate
A Complete Learning Guide




Table of Contents:
🔹 1. Introduction to Python

 What is Python?
 History and Evolution
 Features of Python
 Installing Python and IDEs (PyCharm, VS Code, Jupyter)
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 Writing Your First Python Program

🔹 2. Python Basics
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 Variables and Data Types
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 Operators (Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical, Assignment)
 Input and Output
 Comments and Docstrings
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 Type Casting

🔹 3. Control Flow
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 If, Elif, Else Statements
 Loops: For and While
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 Break, Continue, Pass

🔹 4. Functions

 Defining and Calling Functions
 Arguments & Return Values
 Default and Keyword Arguments
 Lambda Functions
 Recursion

🔹 5. Data Structures

 Lists and List Comprehensions
 Tuples
 Sets
 Dictionaries
 Strings and String Manipulation

,🔹 6. File Handling

 Reading and Writing Text Files
 Working with CSV Files
 With Statement and File Modes

🔹 7. Error Handling

 Types of Errors
 Try, Except Block
 Finally and Else
 Raising Exceptions

🔹 8. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

 Classes and Objects
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 Constructors
 Inheritance
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 Polymorphism
 Encapsulation and Abstraction
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🔹 9. Modules and Packages

 Importing Standard Modules (math, datetime, os, etc.)
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 Creating and Using Custom Modules
 Working with pip and Installing Packages
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🔹 10. Working with Libraries

 NumPy Basics
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 Pandas Introduction
 Matplotlib for Simple Plots


🔹 11. Python and Databases

 Connecting to SQLite and MySQL
 Executing Queries with Python
 Basic CRUD Operations

🔹 12. Mini Projects

 Calculator App
 To-Do List (CLI)
 Number Guessing Game
 Simple Contact Book

,🔹 13. Practice Questions & Exercises

 Beginner Exercises
 Intermediate Challenges
 Debugging Practice

🔹 14. Interview Prep (Optional)

 Common Python Interview Questions
 MCQs for Practice
 Code Snippets for Review

🔹 15. Summary & Further Resources

 Key Takeaways
 Recommended Books & Online Courses
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 Python Community & Forums
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1. Introduction to Python
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What is Python?
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Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and
readability. Created by Guido van Rossum in 1991, Python emphasizes code readability with
its notable use of significant whitespace.
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Why Python?
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 Easy to learn: Simple syntax similar to English
 Versatile: Used in web development, data science, AI, automation
 Large community: Extensive libraries and support
 Cross-platform: Runs on Windows, Mac, Linux

Python Applications:

 Web Development (Django, Flask)
 Data Science & Analytics (Pandas, NumPy)
 Machine Learning (TensorFlow, scikit-learn)
 Automation & Scripting
 Game Development
 Desktop Applications

Installing Python

Step 1: Download Python

, 1. Visit python.org
2. Download the latest version (3.11+ recommended)
3. Run the installer

Step 2: Verify Installation Open terminal/command prompt and type:

python --version

or

python3 --version

Step 3: Choose a Code Editor

 Beginners: IDLE (comes with Python), Thonny
 Advanced: VS Code, PyCharm, Sublime Text

Writing Your First Python Program
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Let's start with the traditional "Hello, World!" program:
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print("Hello, World!")
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Running Python Code:

1. Interactive Mode: Type python in terminal
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2. Script Mode: Save code in .py file and run python filename.py

Your First Program:
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# This is a comment
print("Welcome to Python!")
print("Let's start coding!")
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# You can also use variables
name = "Python Learner"
print("Hello,", name)

Mini Exercise 1: Create a program that prints your name, age, and favorite hobby.

# Solution
name = "Your Name"
age = 25
hobby = "Reading"

print("My name is", name)
print("I am", age, "years old")
print("My favorite hobby is", hobby)



2. Python Basics