Schizophrenia
,Classification
SCHIZOPHRENIA: a serious mental disorder characterised by severe disruptions in psychological
functioning
• affects thoughts, perceptions, lang, emotion
• Causes loss of contact w reality (psychotic)
CLASSIFICATION: act of disturbing things into diff classes or categories of the same type
• ICD10 manual it's symptoms of schizo
* prevalence = 1% chance of developing
* onset betw 15-45 yrs
* can develop at any age
Positive + Negative Charaeriics
POSITIVE SYMPTOMS: weather is in addition or an
excess to normal cognitive functioning
E.g: delusions + hallucinations
NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS: a loss of normal functioning
E.g: Affective flattening
Positive Symptoms
Delusions
Fixed, untrue or irrational beliefs strongly held despite contradictory evidence
• can be bizarre, paranoid, grandiose (superpowers)
• Delusions of control (part of body controlled externally)
* outline = 2m for description
• give examples of symptoms
• E.g: Avolition - hard to go to work + school
,Hallucinations
Unreal perceptions of the environment, usually auditory
• e.g: hearing voices
• Visual, olfactory, tactile, gustatory
Disordered thinking
Inability to think logically
• thoughts often show derailment
• Manifest as conversation shifting rapidly to unrelated topic
• Diff for listeners to understand
Negative Symptoms
Avolition
Inability to take part in goal directed behaviour
• Apathy
• Motivation reduced + uninterested
• E.g: poor hygiene, lack of persistence in work/education
Speech povey
Reduction in the amount + quality of speech
• sometimes accompanied by delay in verbal responses
• Speech becomes less clear
• May insert unrelated words midway sentence
Affeive Flattening
Lack of emotional expression
• facial expressions, tone of voice, body lang reduced
Catatonia
Extreme loss of motor function
• hold rigid poses for hours , not reacting to any environmental stimuli
, IcD IO
• Psychiatric manual
• By World Health Organisation
• Some use DSM by APA
• minimum of 1 clear symptom (first rank symptoms)
• Least 2 second rank symptoms
Fir rank symptoms
1. Thought Echo : thought insertion or withdrawal and thought broadcasting
2. Delusions of control: belief that outside forces are controlling ones body
3. Hallucinatory voices: Giving a running commentary on the patient's behaviour or discussing
the patient among themselves
4. Persistent Delusions: Beliefs that are culturally inappropriate and completely impossible (e.g:
superhuman
Second rank symptoms
• persistent hallucinations
• Breaks or interpolations in train of thought
• Catatonic behaviour
• Neg symptoms ( e.g: marked apathy)
• Significant + consisten change in quality of behaviour
First Rank Symptoms:
The Dog Has Paws
,Classification
SCHIZOPHRENIA: a serious mental disorder characterised by severe disruptions in psychological
functioning
• affects thoughts, perceptions, lang, emotion
• Causes loss of contact w reality (psychotic)
CLASSIFICATION: act of disturbing things into diff classes or categories of the same type
• ICD10 manual it's symptoms of schizo
* prevalence = 1% chance of developing
* onset betw 15-45 yrs
* can develop at any age
Positive + Negative Charaeriics
POSITIVE SYMPTOMS: weather is in addition or an
excess to normal cognitive functioning
E.g: delusions + hallucinations
NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS: a loss of normal functioning
E.g: Affective flattening
Positive Symptoms
Delusions
Fixed, untrue or irrational beliefs strongly held despite contradictory evidence
• can be bizarre, paranoid, grandiose (superpowers)
• Delusions of control (part of body controlled externally)
* outline = 2m for description
• give examples of symptoms
• E.g: Avolition - hard to go to work + school
,Hallucinations
Unreal perceptions of the environment, usually auditory
• e.g: hearing voices
• Visual, olfactory, tactile, gustatory
Disordered thinking
Inability to think logically
• thoughts often show derailment
• Manifest as conversation shifting rapidly to unrelated topic
• Diff for listeners to understand
Negative Symptoms
Avolition
Inability to take part in goal directed behaviour
• Apathy
• Motivation reduced + uninterested
• E.g: poor hygiene, lack of persistence in work/education
Speech povey
Reduction in the amount + quality of speech
• sometimes accompanied by delay in verbal responses
• Speech becomes less clear
• May insert unrelated words midway sentence
Affeive Flattening
Lack of emotional expression
• facial expressions, tone of voice, body lang reduced
Catatonia
Extreme loss of motor function
• hold rigid poses for hours , not reacting to any environmental stimuli
, IcD IO
• Psychiatric manual
• By World Health Organisation
• Some use DSM by APA
• minimum of 1 clear symptom (first rank symptoms)
• Least 2 second rank symptoms
Fir rank symptoms
1. Thought Echo : thought insertion or withdrawal and thought broadcasting
2. Delusions of control: belief that outside forces are controlling ones body
3. Hallucinatory voices: Giving a running commentary on the patient's behaviour or discussing
the patient among themselves
4. Persistent Delusions: Beliefs that are culturally inappropriate and completely impossible (e.g:
superhuman
Second rank symptoms
• persistent hallucinations
• Breaks or interpolations in train of thought
• Catatonic behaviour
• Neg symptoms ( e.g: marked apathy)
• Significant + consisten change in quality of behaviour
First Rank Symptoms:
The Dog Has Paws
