UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A PERFECT SCORE
4 types of axial loading injuries - Correct Answers-- flexion
- hyperextension (pt, falls, hits chin on table)
- Compression (hitting head on bottom of pool when diving)
- Flexion rotation
4 types of skull fractures - Correct Answers-- linear, depressed, open, basilar
Abdominal evisceration - Correct Answers-an open wound where organs protrude from the
abdominal cavity
Active rewarming - Correct Answers-- if pt. if conscious, alert, shivering (mild hypothermia)
- turn on heater in ambulance, provide hot pads to neck, groin, armpit
Anaphylactic shock - Correct Answers-Severe allergic reaction that leads to widespread
vasodilation
Anaphylactic shock symptoms - Correct Answers-- Increased vascular permeability
- Bronchoconstriction
- Stridor
- Hives, edema, itching
ascent problems - Correct Answers-Air embolism and decompression sickness
- air embolism: dizziness, nausea, vomiting, vision issues, dyspnea, muscle/joint pain
- decompression (the bends): painful abdominal cramps
Basilar skull fracture - Correct Answers-- Fracture at the base of the skull
- leak in cranial vault (usually occurs at high speeds)
Bee sting treatment - Correct Answers-- remove stinger with dull edge (e.g. credit card)
- monitor for anaphylaxis
Blunt trauma (and what to be concerned with) - Correct Answers-- heavy force from flat
object
, - mostly worried about crushed bones, internal bleeding
Cardiac tamponade - Correct Answers-blood filling up pericardial space & putting pressure
on heart
cardiogenic shock - Correct Answers-- heart failure, can no longer maintain sufficient output
- mostly seen in people with MI or acute coronary syndrome
Cerebral contusion - Correct Answers-- Brian sustains bruise when it strikes inside of skull
during trauma
- Can lead to bleeding and swelling (increased pressure)
Cerebral contusion treatment - Correct Answers-- Monitor ABCs, O2 if needed, rapid
transport
Closed abdominal injury - Correct Answers-s/s: pain, bruising
treatment: assess for shock, no specific treatment
closed pneumothorax - Correct Answers-- no external wound
- caused by blunt force trauma
- leads to leaking of air from alveoli into pleural space
Common cause of isolated abdominal injury - Correct Answers-not wearing seatbelt properly
Commotio Cordis - Correct Answers-- lethal disruption of a normal heart rhythm into
ventricular fibrillation
- occurs due to sudden, direct blow to chest directly over heart @ critical time during cardiac
cycle (T-wave)
Compensated shock - Correct Answers-- body is able to compensate and maintain tissue
perfusion
- pt is alert and oriented
Concussion - Correct Answers-- stretching of brain that leads to temporary loss/alteration of
function without permanent damage
- may result in unconsciousness, confusion, amnesia
- 90% don't result in unconsciousness
ANSWERS GRADED A PERFECT SCORE
4 types of axial loading injuries - Correct Answers-- flexion
- hyperextension (pt, falls, hits chin on table)
- Compression (hitting head on bottom of pool when diving)
- Flexion rotation
4 types of skull fractures - Correct Answers-- linear, depressed, open, basilar
Abdominal evisceration - Correct Answers-an open wound where organs protrude from the
abdominal cavity
Active rewarming - Correct Answers-- if pt. if conscious, alert, shivering (mild hypothermia)
- turn on heater in ambulance, provide hot pads to neck, groin, armpit
Anaphylactic shock - Correct Answers-Severe allergic reaction that leads to widespread
vasodilation
Anaphylactic shock symptoms - Correct Answers-- Increased vascular permeability
- Bronchoconstriction
- Stridor
- Hives, edema, itching
ascent problems - Correct Answers-Air embolism and decompression sickness
- air embolism: dizziness, nausea, vomiting, vision issues, dyspnea, muscle/joint pain
- decompression (the bends): painful abdominal cramps
Basilar skull fracture - Correct Answers-- Fracture at the base of the skull
- leak in cranial vault (usually occurs at high speeds)
Bee sting treatment - Correct Answers-- remove stinger with dull edge (e.g. credit card)
- monitor for anaphylaxis
Blunt trauma (and what to be concerned with) - Correct Answers-- heavy force from flat
object
, - mostly worried about crushed bones, internal bleeding
Cardiac tamponade - Correct Answers-blood filling up pericardial space & putting pressure
on heart
cardiogenic shock - Correct Answers-- heart failure, can no longer maintain sufficient output
- mostly seen in people with MI or acute coronary syndrome
Cerebral contusion - Correct Answers-- Brian sustains bruise when it strikes inside of skull
during trauma
- Can lead to bleeding and swelling (increased pressure)
Cerebral contusion treatment - Correct Answers-- Monitor ABCs, O2 if needed, rapid
transport
Closed abdominal injury - Correct Answers-s/s: pain, bruising
treatment: assess for shock, no specific treatment
closed pneumothorax - Correct Answers-- no external wound
- caused by blunt force trauma
- leads to leaking of air from alveoli into pleural space
Common cause of isolated abdominal injury - Correct Answers-not wearing seatbelt properly
Commotio Cordis - Correct Answers-- lethal disruption of a normal heart rhythm into
ventricular fibrillation
- occurs due to sudden, direct blow to chest directly over heart @ critical time during cardiac
cycle (T-wave)
Compensated shock - Correct Answers-- body is able to compensate and maintain tissue
perfusion
- pt is alert and oriented
Concussion - Correct Answers-- stretching of brain that leads to temporary loss/alteration of
function without permanent damage
- may result in unconsciousness, confusion, amnesia
- 90% don't result in unconsciousness
