FCCN 2 MECHANICAL VENT TEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Diagnostic tests for respiratory failure - ANSWER ABG analysis
sputum analysis
Respiratory failure imaging studies - ANSWER: bronchoscopy
chest x-ray
MRI
CT
Respiratory failure cardiovascular signs - ANSWER tachycardia- typical initial
sx
dysrhythmias- new or changed
acute HTN with tachycardia (sympathetic response)
hypotension secondary to tachycardia if hypovolemic
cyanosis/ pallor
Respiratory failure respiratory signs - ANSWER increased work of breathing
(SOB)
use of accessory muscles for breathing (retractions)/ nasal flaring
dyspnea (SOB)
wheezing/ grunting
sputum/ coughing
body position (sitting upright or can spontaneously lean forward while sitting to
help take deeper breath)
Bradypnea causes - ANSWER excessive sedation
tissue damage
diabetic coma
depressed resp center of the brain
, Tachypnea causes - ANSWER Fever
anxiety
resp distress
restrictive lung disease
obesity
Kussmaul casues - ANSWER deep and rapid breathing
happens in metabolic acidosis because the resp system is trying to lower CO2
level in blood to compensate
Cheyne- stokes causes - ANSWER alternate rapid and shallow respiration
seen in pts with HF, renal failure, CNS injury
Respiratory failure CNS signs - ANSWER agitation/restlessness
confusion
delirium
as hypoxia worsens, LOC decreases (somnolence/coma)
ABG: PaO2 - ANSWER assess oxygenation
normal 80-100
arterial blood oxygen saturation
< 80 = hypoxemia
> 100 = O2 therapy
Causes of low PaO2 - ANSWER pulmonary disease
anemia
ABG: PaCO2 - ANSWER assess ventilation
normal: 35-45
< 35 = alkalosis
> 45 = acidosis
Respiratory acidosis - ANSWER CO2 >45 with low pH
What S&S would you see with resp acidosis? - ANSWER headache
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Diagnostic tests for respiratory failure - ANSWER ABG analysis
sputum analysis
Respiratory failure imaging studies - ANSWER: bronchoscopy
chest x-ray
MRI
CT
Respiratory failure cardiovascular signs - ANSWER tachycardia- typical initial
sx
dysrhythmias- new or changed
acute HTN with tachycardia (sympathetic response)
hypotension secondary to tachycardia if hypovolemic
cyanosis/ pallor
Respiratory failure respiratory signs - ANSWER increased work of breathing
(SOB)
use of accessory muscles for breathing (retractions)/ nasal flaring
dyspnea (SOB)
wheezing/ grunting
sputum/ coughing
body position (sitting upright or can spontaneously lean forward while sitting to
help take deeper breath)
Bradypnea causes - ANSWER excessive sedation
tissue damage
diabetic coma
depressed resp center of the brain
, Tachypnea causes - ANSWER Fever
anxiety
resp distress
restrictive lung disease
obesity
Kussmaul casues - ANSWER deep and rapid breathing
happens in metabolic acidosis because the resp system is trying to lower CO2
level in blood to compensate
Cheyne- stokes causes - ANSWER alternate rapid and shallow respiration
seen in pts with HF, renal failure, CNS injury
Respiratory failure CNS signs - ANSWER agitation/restlessness
confusion
delirium
as hypoxia worsens, LOC decreases (somnolence/coma)
ABG: PaO2 - ANSWER assess oxygenation
normal 80-100
arterial blood oxygen saturation
< 80 = hypoxemia
> 100 = O2 therapy
Causes of low PaO2 - ANSWER pulmonary disease
anemia
ABG: PaCO2 - ANSWER assess ventilation
normal: 35-45
< 35 = alkalosis
> 45 = acidosis
Respiratory acidosis - ANSWER CO2 >45 with low pH
What S&S would you see with resp acidosis? - ANSWER headache
