C165 Exam with Complete Solutions A+
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A mathematical model is used to predict the trajectory of a bullet fired from a gun.
Which discipline of physical science is used to develop this model? - Answers -✔✔
Physics
An environmental scientist monitors pollutants in a lake. Which two disciplines of
physical science does this scientist use? - Answers -✔✔ Chemistry and Earth science
Which study involves both Earth science and physics? - Answers -✔✔ Calculating how
much energy is associated with a hurricane
Which question could be answered with a controlled experiment? - Answers -✔✔ Does
ice melt faster in an empty glass or in a glass full of water?
Which topic would be appropriate for a controlled experiment? - Answers -✔✔
Determining how fast different chemical pollutants dissolve in water
Which question requires a controlled experiment to answer? - Answers -✔✔ Which type
of rock contains the most calcium?
Sir Isaac Newton discovered that the force of gravity between two masses increases if
the masses increase, and decreases if the distance between the masses increases. No
experiments have ever contradicted this relationship. Which type of scientific statement
is this? - Answers -✔✔ Law
The well-accepted scientific explanation for many characteristics of Earth's crust states
that the crust is broken into several large plates. These plates move slowly over the
mantle below because of convection and other processes. Earthquakes and volcanoes
are most common at places where the plates interact. Evidence from physics,
chemistry, and geology supports this explanation. Which type of scientific idea is this
explanation an example of? - Answers -✔✔ Theory
A student proposes that sugar will dissolve faster in rubbing alcohol than in water. The
student reasons that sugar and rubbing alcohol both contain carbon so they will mix
more easily. Which type of scientific idea is the student's proposal an example of? -
Answers -✔✔ Hypothesis
Law - Answers -✔✔ A body of enforceable rules governing relationships among
individuals and between individuals and their society.
, Theory - Answers -✔✔ A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of
data
Hypothesis - Answers -✔✔ A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Observation - Answers -✔✔ Information obtained through the senses.
Why was the shrinking Earth idea replaced by the theory of plate tectonics? - Answers -
✔✔ Plate tectonics explained observations about Earth that the shrinking Earth idea
could not explain.
Astronomers have long accepted that plate tectonics exists nowhere in our solar system
except on Earth. In 2011, a scientist analyzed 100 NASA-space-mission photographs of
Valles Marineris on Mars, the longest known series of canyons in the solar system. The
scientist found that Valles Marineris showed features found only in locations on Earth
where major tectonic plates divide. What would be the appropriate response of
scientists to this information? - Answers -✔✔ Carry out further research to gain more
understanding of possible plate tectonics on Mars
According to the theory of plate tectonics, volcanoes are especially likely to form along
plate boundaries because of rising magma. New satellite data mapping the ocean floor
reveals thousands of seamounts, which are small volcanoes. Some of the seamounts
are in lines that could correspond to past or present plate boundaries, but many are not
aligned in this way. How should scientists appropriately respond to the idea that some
new mechanism of forming the volcanoes is involved? - Answers -✔✔ Carry out more
research to understand better how the seamounts form
For many decades, scientists thought they understood how ozone breaks down in the
stratosphere, creating ozone holes. However, new data show significantly lower
reaction rates than can be explained by the long-held model. What is the appropriate
scientific approach for dealing with this contradiction? - Answers -✔✔ The existing
theory was changed to account for new data
A woman does pushups by lowering her body to the floor using her arms and then
pressing against the floor with her hands to push herself back up, as shown in the
image below.
{Woman in Plank Pose}
Which force causes her to rise? - Answers -✔✔ The upward force that the ground
exerts on the woman
Two boxes sitting on the floor look identical, but one has more mass than the other.
What happens when the same net force, sufficient to overcome static friction, is applied
to each box? - Answers -✔✔ The box with less mass accelerates more.
Pass
A mathematical model is used to predict the trajectory of a bullet fired from a gun.
Which discipline of physical science is used to develop this model? - Answers -✔✔
Physics
An environmental scientist monitors pollutants in a lake. Which two disciplines of
physical science does this scientist use? - Answers -✔✔ Chemistry and Earth science
Which study involves both Earth science and physics? - Answers -✔✔ Calculating how
much energy is associated with a hurricane
Which question could be answered with a controlled experiment? - Answers -✔✔ Does
ice melt faster in an empty glass or in a glass full of water?
Which topic would be appropriate for a controlled experiment? - Answers -✔✔
Determining how fast different chemical pollutants dissolve in water
Which question requires a controlled experiment to answer? - Answers -✔✔ Which type
of rock contains the most calcium?
Sir Isaac Newton discovered that the force of gravity between two masses increases if
the masses increase, and decreases if the distance between the masses increases. No
experiments have ever contradicted this relationship. Which type of scientific statement
is this? - Answers -✔✔ Law
The well-accepted scientific explanation for many characteristics of Earth's crust states
that the crust is broken into several large plates. These plates move slowly over the
mantle below because of convection and other processes. Earthquakes and volcanoes
are most common at places where the plates interact. Evidence from physics,
chemistry, and geology supports this explanation. Which type of scientific idea is this
explanation an example of? - Answers -✔✔ Theory
A student proposes that sugar will dissolve faster in rubbing alcohol than in water. The
student reasons that sugar and rubbing alcohol both contain carbon so they will mix
more easily. Which type of scientific idea is the student's proposal an example of? -
Answers -✔✔ Hypothesis
Law - Answers -✔✔ A body of enforceable rules governing relationships among
individuals and between individuals and their society.
, Theory - Answers -✔✔ A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of
data
Hypothesis - Answers -✔✔ A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Observation - Answers -✔✔ Information obtained through the senses.
Why was the shrinking Earth idea replaced by the theory of plate tectonics? - Answers -
✔✔ Plate tectonics explained observations about Earth that the shrinking Earth idea
could not explain.
Astronomers have long accepted that plate tectonics exists nowhere in our solar system
except on Earth. In 2011, a scientist analyzed 100 NASA-space-mission photographs of
Valles Marineris on Mars, the longest known series of canyons in the solar system. The
scientist found that Valles Marineris showed features found only in locations on Earth
where major tectonic plates divide. What would be the appropriate response of
scientists to this information? - Answers -✔✔ Carry out further research to gain more
understanding of possible plate tectonics on Mars
According to the theory of plate tectonics, volcanoes are especially likely to form along
plate boundaries because of rising magma. New satellite data mapping the ocean floor
reveals thousands of seamounts, which are small volcanoes. Some of the seamounts
are in lines that could correspond to past or present plate boundaries, but many are not
aligned in this way. How should scientists appropriately respond to the idea that some
new mechanism of forming the volcanoes is involved? - Answers -✔✔ Carry out more
research to understand better how the seamounts form
For many decades, scientists thought they understood how ozone breaks down in the
stratosphere, creating ozone holes. However, new data show significantly lower
reaction rates than can be explained by the long-held model. What is the appropriate
scientific approach for dealing with this contradiction? - Answers -✔✔ The existing
theory was changed to account for new data
A woman does pushups by lowering her body to the floor using her arms and then
pressing against the floor with her hands to push herself back up, as shown in the
image below.
{Woman in Plank Pose}
Which force causes her to rise? - Answers -✔✔ The upward force that the ground
exerts on the woman
Two boxes sitting on the floor look identical, but one has more mass than the other.
What happens when the same net force, sufficient to overcome static friction, is applied
to each box? - Answers -✔✔ The box with less mass accelerates more.
