MCN 548 Chapter 36 Exam With
Correct Answers
During the first 2 months of gestation - ANSWER The skin differentiates into different
layers
In late teenage years - ANSWER Adult skin thickness and characteristics achieved
1 year of age - ANSWER Melanin reaches adult levels by this age
2 years - ANSWER Vascularization is well developed by
6-12 mo
7 years old - ANSWER Sebaceous glands cease production between_______and
become active again around__________.
2 and 18 days
2 or 3 years - ANSWER Eccrine sweat functions begin between __________, full function
not in place until_________.
During puberty - ANSWER Apocrine glands become active
Epidermis - ANSWER o Protective barrier, comprised of 5 layers of stratified squamous
epithethlium
o Basal layer keratinocytes shed and mature about every 28 days
Outer Layer - epidermis - ANSWER stratum corneum, protects against microorganisms
and irritating chemicals
Melanin - (epidermis) - ANSWER protects DNA from damage from UV light, produced in
basal layer and contributes to color of skin, eyes, and hair
Dermis - ANSWER o Thicker middle layer, contributes to strength, support, and
elasticity; regulates heat loss, provides host defenses, and aids in nutrition and other
regulatory functions
o Primarily composed of fibrous connective tissue (fibroblasts and collagen), with some
elastic fibers and mycopolysaccharide gel; includes mast cells, inflammatory cells,
blood and lymph vessels, and cutaneous nerves that elicit sensations (touch, pain,
pressure, itch, warmth, and cold)
Subcutaneous tissue - ANSWER o Primarily adipose tissue, contains arteries and
,arterioles for thermoregulation
o Insulates, cushions, provides energy, and metabolizes hormones
Eccrine glands - ANSWER over entire body, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and
body temp, and provide some excretory function
o Ceruminous glands - ANSWER in external ear canal and secrete cerumen
o Apocrine glands - ANSWER located in axillary, genital, and periumbilical areas, open
into hair follicles, require androgens to stimulate their secretions, and thought to be
responsible for body odor
• Sebaceous glands - ANSWER found in conjunction with hair follicles, secrete sebum
when stimulate by androgen and function to prevent excessive water evaporation,
minimize heat loss, and lubricate skin and hair
Epidermis - ANSWER provides functional barrier
Dermis - ANSWER provides strength and protection through cutaneous nerves
Subcutaneous tissue - ANSWER ensures insulation, is a cushion, energy source, and
hormonal metabolism
o Pigment lability
o Follicular response
o Mesenchymal response - ANSWER Three cutaneous reactions to trauma, infection, or
inflammation
Pigment lability - ANSWER post inflammatory hyper or hypopigmentation
Follicular response - ANSWER prominent papule and follicle formation (atopic
dermatitis, pityriasis rosea, syphilis
Mesenchymal response - ANSWER causes scars and keloids (after varicella, ear
piercing, burns)
scalp, skin, hair, palms/soles, nails, anogenital region - ANSWER Dermatologic exam
Bulla - ANSWER vesicle larger than 1 cm
Comedo - ANSWER plugged, dilated pore; open (blackhead), closed (whitehead),
Cyst - ANSWER palpable skin lesion with definite borders filled with liquid or semi-solid
material
Macule - ANSWER flat, nonpalpable, discolored lesion, 1 cm or smaller
Nodule - ANSWER raised, firm, movable lesion with indistinct borders and deep palpable
,portion, 2 cm or smaller
Papule - ANSWER solid, raised lesion of varied color with distinct borders, 1 cm or
smaller
Patch - ANSWER macule, larger than 1 cm
Plaque - ANSWER solid, raised, flat-topped lesion with distinct borders, larger than 1 cm
Pustule - ANSWER raised lesion filled with pus, often in hair follicle or sweat pore
Tumor - ANSWER large nodule, may be firm or soft
Vesicle - ANSWER blister filled with clear fluid
Wheal - ANSWER fleeting, irregularly shaped, elevated, itchy lesion of varied size, pale
at center, slightly red at borders
Bulla
Comedo
Cyst
Macule
Nodule
Papule
Patch
Plaque
Pustule
Tumor
Vesicle
Wheal - ANSWER Primary skin lesions
, Primary skin lesions - ANSWER changes that arise from previously normal skin
Secondary skin lesions - ANSWER results from changes in primary lesions
Atrophy
Crusts
Desquamation
Erosion
Excoriation
Fissure
Keloid
Lichenification
Scales
Scar
Striae
Ulcer - ANSWER Secondary skin lesions
Atrophy - ANSWER thinning skin, may appear translucent
Crusts - ANSWER dried exudate or scab of varied color
Desquamation - ANSWER peeling sheets of scale
Erosion - ANSWER oozing or moist, depressed area with loss of superficial epidermis
Excoriation - ANSWER abrasion or removal of epidermis; scratch
Correct Answers
During the first 2 months of gestation - ANSWER The skin differentiates into different
layers
In late teenage years - ANSWER Adult skin thickness and characteristics achieved
1 year of age - ANSWER Melanin reaches adult levels by this age
2 years - ANSWER Vascularization is well developed by
6-12 mo
7 years old - ANSWER Sebaceous glands cease production between_______and
become active again around__________.
2 and 18 days
2 or 3 years - ANSWER Eccrine sweat functions begin between __________, full function
not in place until_________.
During puberty - ANSWER Apocrine glands become active
Epidermis - ANSWER o Protective barrier, comprised of 5 layers of stratified squamous
epithethlium
o Basal layer keratinocytes shed and mature about every 28 days
Outer Layer - epidermis - ANSWER stratum corneum, protects against microorganisms
and irritating chemicals
Melanin - (epidermis) - ANSWER protects DNA from damage from UV light, produced in
basal layer and contributes to color of skin, eyes, and hair
Dermis - ANSWER o Thicker middle layer, contributes to strength, support, and
elasticity; regulates heat loss, provides host defenses, and aids in nutrition and other
regulatory functions
o Primarily composed of fibrous connective tissue (fibroblasts and collagen), with some
elastic fibers and mycopolysaccharide gel; includes mast cells, inflammatory cells,
blood and lymph vessels, and cutaneous nerves that elicit sensations (touch, pain,
pressure, itch, warmth, and cold)
Subcutaneous tissue - ANSWER o Primarily adipose tissue, contains arteries and
,arterioles for thermoregulation
o Insulates, cushions, provides energy, and metabolizes hormones
Eccrine glands - ANSWER over entire body, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and
body temp, and provide some excretory function
o Ceruminous glands - ANSWER in external ear canal and secrete cerumen
o Apocrine glands - ANSWER located in axillary, genital, and periumbilical areas, open
into hair follicles, require androgens to stimulate their secretions, and thought to be
responsible for body odor
• Sebaceous glands - ANSWER found in conjunction with hair follicles, secrete sebum
when stimulate by androgen and function to prevent excessive water evaporation,
minimize heat loss, and lubricate skin and hair
Epidermis - ANSWER provides functional barrier
Dermis - ANSWER provides strength and protection through cutaneous nerves
Subcutaneous tissue - ANSWER ensures insulation, is a cushion, energy source, and
hormonal metabolism
o Pigment lability
o Follicular response
o Mesenchymal response - ANSWER Three cutaneous reactions to trauma, infection, or
inflammation
Pigment lability - ANSWER post inflammatory hyper or hypopigmentation
Follicular response - ANSWER prominent papule and follicle formation (atopic
dermatitis, pityriasis rosea, syphilis
Mesenchymal response - ANSWER causes scars and keloids (after varicella, ear
piercing, burns)
scalp, skin, hair, palms/soles, nails, anogenital region - ANSWER Dermatologic exam
Bulla - ANSWER vesicle larger than 1 cm
Comedo - ANSWER plugged, dilated pore; open (blackhead), closed (whitehead),
Cyst - ANSWER palpable skin lesion with definite borders filled with liquid or semi-solid
material
Macule - ANSWER flat, nonpalpable, discolored lesion, 1 cm or smaller
Nodule - ANSWER raised, firm, movable lesion with indistinct borders and deep palpable
,portion, 2 cm or smaller
Papule - ANSWER solid, raised lesion of varied color with distinct borders, 1 cm or
smaller
Patch - ANSWER macule, larger than 1 cm
Plaque - ANSWER solid, raised, flat-topped lesion with distinct borders, larger than 1 cm
Pustule - ANSWER raised lesion filled with pus, often in hair follicle or sweat pore
Tumor - ANSWER large nodule, may be firm or soft
Vesicle - ANSWER blister filled with clear fluid
Wheal - ANSWER fleeting, irregularly shaped, elevated, itchy lesion of varied size, pale
at center, slightly red at borders
Bulla
Comedo
Cyst
Macule
Nodule
Papule
Patch
Plaque
Pustule
Tumor
Vesicle
Wheal - ANSWER Primary skin lesions
, Primary skin lesions - ANSWER changes that arise from previously normal skin
Secondary skin lesions - ANSWER results from changes in primary lesions
Atrophy
Crusts
Desquamation
Erosion
Excoriation
Fissure
Keloid
Lichenification
Scales
Scar
Striae
Ulcer - ANSWER Secondary skin lesions
Atrophy - ANSWER thinning skin, may appear translucent
Crusts - ANSWER dried exudate or scab of varied color
Desquamation - ANSWER peeling sheets of scale
Erosion - ANSWER oozing or moist, depressed area with loss of superficial epidermis
Excoriation - ANSWER abrasion or removal of epidermis; scratch
