ACC LEA Class 109 - Midterm Exam Questions and Answers 2025/26 latest

ACC LEA Class 109 - Midterm Exam
Questions and Answers 2025/26 latest
Racial profiling - CORRECT ANSWER-means a law enforcement initiated action based on
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




an individual's race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on the individual's behavior or
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




on information identifying the individual as having engaged in criminal activity
Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Racial profiling prohibited - CORRECT ANSWER-a peace officer may not engage in
Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




racial profiling
Il`
Il`




Law enforcement policy on racial profiling - CORRECT ANSWER-Each law enforcement
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




agency in this state shall adopt a detailed written policy on racial profiling. The policy must
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




clearly define:
Il` Il` Il`




-acts constituting racial profiling Il` Il` Il` Il`




-strictly prohibit peace offices employed by the agency from engaging in racial profiling
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




-implement a process by which an individual may file a complaint with the agency Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




-require corrective action against a peace officer engaging in racial profiling -require
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




collection of information concerning: race, if a search occurred, whether the peace
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




officer knew the race of individual before detaining
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




-require chief administrator to submit an annual report Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




-Il`
Il`




Define race or ethnicity - CORRECT ANSWER-means of a particular descent, including
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il`




Caucasian, African, Hispanic, Asian, or Native American descent
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Whren v. US - CORRECT ANSWER-Motor vehicle search exemption
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Pennsylvania v. Minns - CORRECT ANSWER-Allows officer to order driver out of car.
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Maryland v. Wilson - CORRECT ANSWER-Permits officers to pull passengers out of
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




car
Il`




Graham v. State - CORRECT ANSWER-Passenger is seized when ordered to remain in
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




vehicle.
Il`




Pryor v. State - CORRECT ANSWER-Permits for warrantless search of the automobile
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




with probable cause to believe that the automobile contains contraband or evidence of
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`



criminal activity
Il`
Il`




Ferris v. State - CORRECT ANSWER-A office can use a traffic stop to investigate
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




further crime if he can articulate suspicion
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




New York v. Bolton - CORRECT ANSWER-Police may conduct a full search of a
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`



vehicles compartment incidental to a custodial arrest.
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




There are appropriate reasons for unusual traffic stops but police work must stop short
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il`




of what? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cultural stereotyping & racism.
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




There are appropriate reasons for unusual traffic stops, but police work must stop short
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

, Il`



of "what"? - CORRECT ANSWER-of cultural stereotyping and racism
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




The minor benefits of racial profiling would be far outweighed by "what"? - CORRECT
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




ANSWER-distrust and anger towards law enforcement by minorities and the public as a
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




whole.
Il`

Il`
Il`




Racial profiling is self-fulfilling bad logic: if you believe that minorities committed more
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il`




crimes, them you might look for more minority criminals, and find them in "what"? -
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




CORRECT ANSWER-disproportionate numbers
Il`
Il` Il`




Inappropriate traffic stops generate suspicion and antagonism towards officers and make Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




future stops more "what"? - CORRECT ANSWER-VOLATILE - a racially based stop today
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




can throw suspicion on tomorrows legitimate stop
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




by focusing on race, you would not only be harassing innocent citizens, but overlooking
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




criminals of all races and backgrounds - it is a waste of "what"? - CORRECT ANSWER Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




law enforcement resources
Il`
Il` Il`




- Il`




Il`




Most raced based complaints come from "what"? - CORRECT ANSWER-vehicle stops
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




A typical traffic stop resulting from racial profiling includes "what" ? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




the driver is pulled over for a minor traffic violation but are questioned about things that do
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




not relate to the traffic violation
Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




DWB - Driving while black? - CORRECT ANSWER-A term for public perception that a
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




person may be stopped solely based on race and is often extended to other minority
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




groups or activities such as flying
Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Drug courier profile adapted from DEA? - CORRECT ANSWER--driver is nervous or
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




anxious beyond the ordinary anxiety & cultural communication styles Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




-signs of long term driving (unshaven, empty food containers)
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




-vehicle is rented Il` Il` Il`




-driver is a young male (20-35) Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




-no visible luggage, even though driver is traveling
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




-driver was over reckless or over-cautious in driving Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




-use of air fresheners
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il`




Elements of a traffic stop which could constitute reasonable suspicion of criminal Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




activity? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. thinking about the totality of circumstances in a
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




vehicle stop 2. vehicle exterior
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




3. pre-stop indicators
Il` Il` Il`




4, vehicle interior
Il`
Il` Il` Il`




Exterior vehicle indicators of reasonable suspicion of criminal activity? - CORRECT Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`



ANSWER--non-stand repainting Il`

Il`



-signs of hidden cargo (heavy weight in trunk, windows do not roll down
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`



-unusual license plate switching (dirt plate with bugs on back Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




-unusual circumstances
Il`
Il`




Pre-stop indicators of reasonable suspicion of criminal activity? - CORRECT ANSWER- Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

, Il`



-non consistant with traffic flow
Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`



-driver is overly cautious and drive/passengers repeatedly look at police car
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il`




-driver begins using a car or cell phone when signaled to stop
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`



-unusual pull-over behavior, ignores signals, hesitates, pulls onto new street, moves
Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




objects in car
Il`
Il` Il`




vehicle interior indicators of reasonable suspicion of criminal activity? - CORRECT
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




ANSWER--rear seat or interior panels have been opened, there are tools or spare tires
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




visible
Il` Il`




-inconsistent items (anti-theft club with a rental, unexpected luggage)
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Restraining order and protective order are the same thing? - CORRECT ANSWER- Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`



False, Protective order is criminal and a restraining order is civil
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




What is a Writ of Attachment? - CORRECT ANSWER-A Writ is a civil arrest warrant
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




without criminal consequences
Il`
Il` Il`




What is a Writ of sequestration? - CORRECT ANSWER-It is where two parties claim
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




ownership interest in property. commoningly know as a repossession Writ, served by Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il`




Sheriff or Constable. Replevy is available for both plaintiff and defendant
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




When can Citations not be served? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sunday
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




What is the difference between a Complaint and a petition? - CORRECT ANSWER-A
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




complaint is a criminal affidavit, and a Petition is a document file by the plaintiff with the
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




clerk that outlines basis of a civil complaint (civil lawsuit) against a defendant seeking
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




specific relief
Il`

Il`
Il` Il`




Can a landlord evict a person not listed on the lease? - CORRECT ANSWER-No, they
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




must go thru the proper civil process
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Does criminal law define public and private acts by regulating conduct through injunctions
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




and the award of money damages? - CORRECT ANSWER-No, that is the definition of civil
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




law. Criminal law seeks to regulate the conduct of individuals through threats of fines and
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




imprisonment
Il`

Il`
Il`




Can acts by police officers be sued in civil courts? - CORRECT ANSWER-Yes, the
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




potential for civil liability in any action a peace officer takes has greatly increased in
Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




many years? Il`




When an alleged civil actions wrong occurs, the civil action is not usually limited to just
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




the individual officer but who else? - CORRECT ANSWER-The agency or political sub
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`



division that represents the commissioning authority of the officer
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




- Il`




Il`
Il`



An officer may use "what" to enforce the terms of a child custody specified in a in an
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




order? - CORRECT ANSWER-The peace officer may use reasonable efforts not force?
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




What is Sequestration? - CORRECT ANSWER-The temporary seizure of setting aside of
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




specific property to which a party to a suit has claim of ownership. The object of
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




sequestration is to allow parties to protect and preserve the property during the suit
Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

, Liability is responsibility for "what" - CORRECT ANSWER-being responsible for actual
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`



damages, punitive damages, or possible losses
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Illegal actions taken by a police officer could result in "what" - CORRECT ANSWER-
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Both civil and criminal actions. Use sound judgment and don't take things personally
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Who may serve process under Texas Rules of Civil Procedure? - CORRECT
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




ANSWERSheriff, Constable, their Deputies, servers certified by the Supreme Court of
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Texas and any person over 18 that is not a party to the suit.
Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




The style of all writs and court process shall be served Where? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




The State of "Tejas"
Il`
Il` Il` Il`




What is the burden of proof in a civil trial? - CORRECT ANSWER-Preponderance of
Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




evidence
Il`




Can a peace officer make an arrest for a restraining order? - CORRECT ANSWER-No,
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




only for protective orders
Il`
Il` Il` Il`




Process to start a eviction? - CORRECT ANSWER-Forcible Detainer defines the Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`



grounds for an eviction
Il`
Il` Il` Il`




Ex Parte Order? - CORRECT ANSWER-It means one party. An order issued by a family
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`



court to prohibit a defendant from certain acts. Not criminally enforceable until actually
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`



served.
Il`




Methods for service for Citations? - CORRECT ANSWER-In person to the defendant
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




by mailIl`

Il`



by alternate service
Il` Il`

Il`



by publication
Il`
Il`




Pre-judgment Writ? - CORRECT ANSWER-Are available after the suit is filed and before a Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




judgment has been rendered. Places property under the control of the court and protect
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




the property
Il`

Il`
Il` Il`




Methods of service Pre-Judgment Writs? - CORRECT ANSWER--In person Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`



-to the defendants authorized agent or attorney
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`



-by courier or certified or registered mail
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il`




-by telephonic document transfer
Il`
Il` Il` Il`




The normal response to trauma follows a similar pattern called what? It occurs in all of
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




us - CORRECT ANSWER-crisis reaction
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il`



Il`



The physical response to trauma is based on our what? It includes physical shock,
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




disorientation, and numbness: "frozen fright" - CORRECT ANSWER-Animal instincts
Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Fight or flight reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER--Adrenaline begins to pump through
Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




body Il`



-body may relieve itself of excess materials Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`

Il` Il`



-physical senses, 1 or more, may become very acute while others shut down Il` Il` Il`

Il`
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




-heart rate increases Il` Il`

Il`



-hyperventilation, sweating
Il`
Il`