Holistic 3209 KSU Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed
What is the average normal amount for fluid intake and fluid output? - Answers ~2600 mL/day
What are some causes or risks for hypovolemia? - Answers Diarrhea, vomiting, polyuria, losses through
wounds, impaired swallowing, anorexia
What are some causes or risks for hypervolemia? - Answers Heart failure, renal failure, liver cirrhosis,
excess IV fluid intake, excess Na ingestion
What level of Na signals hyponatremia? - Answers Less than 135 -> Less than 115 is emergency!
What are some nursing interventions for hyponatremia? - Answers Hypertonic IV solutions
Limit fluid intake
Encourage food high in sodium
What serum Na level signals hypernatremia? - Answers Greater than 145
What are some signs of hypernatremia? - Answers Thirst
Red, dry, swollen tongue
Muscle weakness
A patient receiving Digoxin should be closely monitored for what electrolyte imbalance? - Answers
hypokalemia
What are some risk factors for hypocalcemia? - Answers Removal of parathyroid glands
Decreased Vitamin D
What are some risk factors for hypercalcemia? - Answers Immobilization
Hyperparathyroidism
Bone malignancy
What lab tests should be done to measure electrolyte balance? - Answers Serum electrolytes
CBC
BMP (BUN, creatinine, etc.)
Urinalysis
ABGs
, The nurse is assessing I/Os on a patient and notices a significant imbalance. What should the nurse do? -
Answers Call the doctor
What is the expected urine output per hour in an adult? - Answers 30 ml/hour
What are some examples of isotonic fluids? - Answers 0.9% NaCl (normal saline)
Lactated Ringers
D5W
What are some examples of hypotonic fluids? - Answers 0.45% NaCl
0.33% NaCl
What are some examples of hypertonic fluids? - Answers D5NS
D5 1/2 NS
D10W
When evaluating outcomes in a nursing care plan, if the desired outcomes are NOT achieved, what
should the nurse do first? - Answers Explore the reasons why desired outcome was not achieved before
modifying care plan
What are some chemical buffers in the body? - Answers HCO3 and H2CO3
What mechanism of pH regulation in the body is the longest lasting? - Answers Kidney regulation
What mechanism of pH regulation in the body is the strongest? - Answers Respiratory
Is arterial blood or venous blood a better representation of gas exchange and pH? - Answers Arterial
Euthanasia - Answers "good dying"
Active Euthanasia - Answers Taking specific action to cause a patient's death such as lethal dose
Passive Euthanasia - Answers Withdrawing treatment to cause patient's death
Assisted Suicide - Answers Providing patients the means to cause their own death **Unethical**
Hospice care is covered by Medicare under what stipulations? - Answers Less than 6 mo. life expectancy
Must show evidence of decline
Must forego curative measures and transfer to comfort measures
Palliative care - Answers Improving quality of life through aggressive management of symptoms
What is the average normal amount for fluid intake and fluid output? - Answers ~2600 mL/day
What are some causes or risks for hypovolemia? - Answers Diarrhea, vomiting, polyuria, losses through
wounds, impaired swallowing, anorexia
What are some causes or risks for hypervolemia? - Answers Heart failure, renal failure, liver cirrhosis,
excess IV fluid intake, excess Na ingestion
What level of Na signals hyponatremia? - Answers Less than 135 -> Less than 115 is emergency!
What are some nursing interventions for hyponatremia? - Answers Hypertonic IV solutions
Limit fluid intake
Encourage food high in sodium
What serum Na level signals hypernatremia? - Answers Greater than 145
What are some signs of hypernatremia? - Answers Thirst
Red, dry, swollen tongue
Muscle weakness
A patient receiving Digoxin should be closely monitored for what electrolyte imbalance? - Answers
hypokalemia
What are some risk factors for hypocalcemia? - Answers Removal of parathyroid glands
Decreased Vitamin D
What are some risk factors for hypercalcemia? - Answers Immobilization
Hyperparathyroidism
Bone malignancy
What lab tests should be done to measure electrolyte balance? - Answers Serum electrolytes
CBC
BMP (BUN, creatinine, etc.)
Urinalysis
ABGs
, The nurse is assessing I/Os on a patient and notices a significant imbalance. What should the nurse do? -
Answers Call the doctor
What is the expected urine output per hour in an adult? - Answers 30 ml/hour
What are some examples of isotonic fluids? - Answers 0.9% NaCl (normal saline)
Lactated Ringers
D5W
What are some examples of hypotonic fluids? - Answers 0.45% NaCl
0.33% NaCl
What are some examples of hypertonic fluids? - Answers D5NS
D5 1/2 NS
D10W
When evaluating outcomes in a nursing care plan, if the desired outcomes are NOT achieved, what
should the nurse do first? - Answers Explore the reasons why desired outcome was not achieved before
modifying care plan
What are some chemical buffers in the body? - Answers HCO3 and H2CO3
What mechanism of pH regulation in the body is the longest lasting? - Answers Kidney regulation
What mechanism of pH regulation in the body is the strongest? - Answers Respiratory
Is arterial blood or venous blood a better representation of gas exchange and pH? - Answers Arterial
Euthanasia - Answers "good dying"
Active Euthanasia - Answers Taking specific action to cause a patient's death such as lethal dose
Passive Euthanasia - Answers Withdrawing treatment to cause patient's death
Assisted Suicide - Answers Providing patients the means to cause their own death **Unethical**
Hospice care is covered by Medicare under what stipulations? - Answers Less than 6 mo. life expectancy
Must show evidence of decline
Must forego curative measures and transfer to comfort measures
Palliative care - Answers Improving quality of life through aggressive management of symptoms
