AQA GCSE Biology Paper 1 topics 1-4
questions and 100% verified answers 2025
Name the main organelles in an animal cell: - Answer > nucleus
> cytoplasm
> cell membrane
> ribosomes
> mitochondria
What organelles does a plant cell have but animal cell doesn't? - Answer > chloroplast
> cell wall
> vacuole
What organelles does a Bacteria cell have? - Answer > no nucleus
> circular strand of DNA
> rings of plasmid
> cell wall
> cell membrane
What is a eukaryotic cell? - Answer A cell that contains a nucleus
Give an example of a eukaryotic cell: - Answer > Animal cell
> Plant cell
What is a prokaryotic cell? - Answer Single cells of bacteria that has its DNA in a loop not inclosed in a
nucleus
Give an example of a prokaryotic cell: - Answer > Bacteria
> Archaeans
,What is the function of a chloroplast? (plant cell only) - Answer > photosynthesis
> contain chlorophyll which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis
What is the function of cell wall? (plant cell only) - Answer supports the cell - strengthens it
What us the function of a vacuole? (plant cell only) - Answer > contains cell sap - helps to make the cell
RIGID
> weak solution of sugars and salts
What is the function of a nucleus? - Answer > contains DNA
> controls the cell
What is the function of mitochondria? - Answer > aerobic respiration
respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work
What is the function of ribosomes? - Answer > proteins are made here
What is the function of cell membrane? - Answer > controls what goes in and out
> holds the cell together
What is the function of cytoplasm? - Answer > chemical reaction take place here
> contains enzymes
What is the function of a plasmid? - Answer They are involved in the genetic exchange
What is cell differentiation? - Answer The process in which cells change to become specialised to its job.
What are the types of specialised cells? (6) - Answer > sperm cell
,> nerve cell
> muscle cell
> root hair cell
> xylem cell
> phloem cell
What is the function of the sperm cell? and what is it specialised for? - Answer To get male DNA to the
female DNA
> specialised for reproduction
How is sperm cell specialised for its job? - Answer > long tail + streamlined head for swimming to the egg
> lots of mitochondria = energy
> enzymes in its head to digest through the egg cell membrane
What is the function of a nerve cell? And what is specialised for? - Answer To carry electric signals from
one part of the body to another
> specialised for rapid signalling
How is the nerve cell specialised for its job? - Answer > long to cover more distance
> have branched connections to connect with other nerve cells
What is Axon? - Answer the EXTENSION of a NERVE CELL along which electrical impulses travel
What is the function of a muscle cell? - Answer To contract quickly
How is a muscle cell specialised for its job? - Answer > long = space to contract
, > lots of mitochondria = energy needed for contraction
What is the function of a root hair cell? - Answer To adsorb water, nutrients and minerals from the soil
How is a root hair cell specialised to do its job? - Answer > LARGE SURFACE AREA to absorb more water
form the soil
> THIN MEMBRANE so nutrients cross easily into the cell
What is the function of xylem and phloem cells? - Answer To transport substances ( water + food)
around the plant
How are xylem and phloem specialised for their job? - Answer > long and join end to end = large volume
What are the advantages of a LIGHT microscope? - Answer > color images
> easier to carry
What are the disadvantages of a LIGHT microscope? - Answer > limited magnification (not power
enough)
> limited resolution (blurred image)
What are the advantages of an ELECTRON microscope? - Answer > much greater magnification
> higher resolution
What are the disadvantages of a ELECTRON microscope? - Answer > Black and white images
> heavy to carry
questions and 100% verified answers 2025
Name the main organelles in an animal cell: - Answer > nucleus
> cytoplasm
> cell membrane
> ribosomes
> mitochondria
What organelles does a plant cell have but animal cell doesn't? - Answer > chloroplast
> cell wall
> vacuole
What organelles does a Bacteria cell have? - Answer > no nucleus
> circular strand of DNA
> rings of plasmid
> cell wall
> cell membrane
What is a eukaryotic cell? - Answer A cell that contains a nucleus
Give an example of a eukaryotic cell: - Answer > Animal cell
> Plant cell
What is a prokaryotic cell? - Answer Single cells of bacteria that has its DNA in a loop not inclosed in a
nucleus
Give an example of a prokaryotic cell: - Answer > Bacteria
> Archaeans
,What is the function of a chloroplast? (plant cell only) - Answer > photosynthesis
> contain chlorophyll which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis
What is the function of cell wall? (plant cell only) - Answer supports the cell - strengthens it
What us the function of a vacuole? (plant cell only) - Answer > contains cell sap - helps to make the cell
RIGID
> weak solution of sugars and salts
What is the function of a nucleus? - Answer > contains DNA
> controls the cell
What is the function of mitochondria? - Answer > aerobic respiration
respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work
What is the function of ribosomes? - Answer > proteins are made here
What is the function of cell membrane? - Answer > controls what goes in and out
> holds the cell together
What is the function of cytoplasm? - Answer > chemical reaction take place here
> contains enzymes
What is the function of a plasmid? - Answer They are involved in the genetic exchange
What is cell differentiation? - Answer The process in which cells change to become specialised to its job.
What are the types of specialised cells? (6) - Answer > sperm cell
,> nerve cell
> muscle cell
> root hair cell
> xylem cell
> phloem cell
What is the function of the sperm cell? and what is it specialised for? - Answer To get male DNA to the
female DNA
> specialised for reproduction
How is sperm cell specialised for its job? - Answer > long tail + streamlined head for swimming to the egg
> lots of mitochondria = energy
> enzymes in its head to digest through the egg cell membrane
What is the function of a nerve cell? And what is specialised for? - Answer To carry electric signals from
one part of the body to another
> specialised for rapid signalling
How is the nerve cell specialised for its job? - Answer > long to cover more distance
> have branched connections to connect with other nerve cells
What is Axon? - Answer the EXTENSION of a NERVE CELL along which electrical impulses travel
What is the function of a muscle cell? - Answer To contract quickly
How is a muscle cell specialised for its job? - Answer > long = space to contract
, > lots of mitochondria = energy needed for contraction
What is the function of a root hair cell? - Answer To adsorb water, nutrients and minerals from the soil
How is a root hair cell specialised to do its job? - Answer > LARGE SURFACE AREA to absorb more water
form the soil
> THIN MEMBRANE so nutrients cross easily into the cell
What is the function of xylem and phloem cells? - Answer To transport substances ( water + food)
around the plant
How are xylem and phloem specialised for their job? - Answer > long and join end to end = large volume
What are the advantages of a LIGHT microscope? - Answer > color images
> easier to carry
What are the disadvantages of a LIGHT microscope? - Answer > limited magnification (not power
enough)
> limited resolution (blurred image)
What are the advantages of an ELECTRON microscope? - Answer > much greater magnification
> higher resolution
What are the disadvantages of a ELECTRON microscope? - Answer > Black and white images
> heavy to carry
