DEVELOPMENT IN CHRISTIAN THOUGHT - KNOWLEDGE OVERVIEW
TOPIC PHILOSOPHERS SET TEXTS
, Augustine’s Sartre - opposes Augustine, and thinks humans have the freedom to determine their own future and destiny. Genesis 3 - the Fall
teachings
on human Sigmund Freud - questions Augustine’s views on sexuality, claiming that libido is a natural and necessary part of
nature human development.
Bentham & Mill - basing human nature on the concept of Original Sin is outdated in our secular society.
Thomas Hobbes - humans are evidently naturally selfish by instinct, and we only help each other based on
survival instincts (in favour of Augustine). He said human life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau - society is the thing that is corrupt, and human nature is in a natural state of goodness -
“man is born free and everywhere he is in chains”.
Karl Marx - views humans to be naturally creative beings, which changes depending on the situations that we are
put in. Therefore, we are different people with different natures.
Pelagius - the main challenger of Augustine who thinks that humans can live a moral life. Humans cannot have a
flawed nature, or else God would be commanding the impossible when he asks humans to be holy.
Schleiermacher - a perfect universe cannot go wrong. Evil is an example of something that went wrong. Evil
cannot come from nothing, therefore, God holds responsibility, not mankind.
Death and HEAVEN: Matthew 25 - “The Sheep and the
the afterlife Goats”: “all the nations will be
Thomas Aquinas - the beatific vision - those who accept the sacrifice of Jesus will be united face to face with separated”
God eternally in heaven.
Matthew 8 - a depiction of hell: “sons
Immanuel Kant - heaven is a symbolic idea for someone’s spiritual and moral life of earth of the kingdom will be cast out into the
outer darkness. There will be weeping
N.T Wright - thinks that heaven is not eternal, as the Parousia (the second coming of Christ) will happen. and gnashing of teeth”
HELL: Matthew 12 - Catholics use it to affirm
the idea of Purgatory. It discusses sins
Dante - artwork portraying hell in the inferno against the Holy Spirit not being
Paul Tillich - understanding hell as a metaphor for psychological alienation forgiven in this age or any ages to
come.
TOPIC PHILOSOPHERS SET TEXTS
, Augustine’s Sartre - opposes Augustine, and thinks humans have the freedom to determine their own future and destiny. Genesis 3 - the Fall
teachings
on human Sigmund Freud - questions Augustine’s views on sexuality, claiming that libido is a natural and necessary part of
nature human development.
Bentham & Mill - basing human nature on the concept of Original Sin is outdated in our secular society.
Thomas Hobbes - humans are evidently naturally selfish by instinct, and we only help each other based on
survival instincts (in favour of Augustine). He said human life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau - society is the thing that is corrupt, and human nature is in a natural state of goodness -
“man is born free and everywhere he is in chains”.
Karl Marx - views humans to be naturally creative beings, which changes depending on the situations that we are
put in. Therefore, we are different people with different natures.
Pelagius - the main challenger of Augustine who thinks that humans can live a moral life. Humans cannot have a
flawed nature, or else God would be commanding the impossible when he asks humans to be holy.
Schleiermacher - a perfect universe cannot go wrong. Evil is an example of something that went wrong. Evil
cannot come from nothing, therefore, God holds responsibility, not mankind.
Death and HEAVEN: Matthew 25 - “The Sheep and the
the afterlife Goats”: “all the nations will be
Thomas Aquinas - the beatific vision - those who accept the sacrifice of Jesus will be united face to face with separated”
God eternally in heaven.
Matthew 8 - a depiction of hell: “sons
Immanuel Kant - heaven is a symbolic idea for someone’s spiritual and moral life of earth of the kingdom will be cast out into the
outer darkness. There will be weeping
N.T Wright - thinks that heaven is not eternal, as the Parousia (the second coming of Christ) will happen. and gnashing of teeth”
HELL: Matthew 12 - Catholics use it to affirm
the idea of Purgatory. It discusses sins
Dante - artwork portraying hell in the inferno against the Holy Spirit not being
Paul Tillich - understanding hell as a metaphor for psychological alienation forgiven in this age or any ages to
come.
