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Samenvatting Inhoudstabel / overzicht Immunologie: verdediging tot tolerantie

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Dit is een overzicht van alle hoofdstukken gezien, opdeling en kernbegrippen geklasseerd. Dit overzichtelijke document geeft een kapstok om linken te leggen tussen de verschillende hoofdstukken en snelle navigatie tussen de hoofdstukken

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June 3, 2025
Number of pages
40
Written in
2024/2025
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H2: CELLEN EN ORGANEN
1. Cellen
1.1 Neutrofielen ® 50 - 70%
- neutrofilie = ontsteking - chemotaxis - etter / pus
- fagocytose - Lyseren - NET

- Protease ® elastase/collegenase - protease inhib. ® α-1 anti-trypsin
- Anti-microbiële ® defensins / lysozyme - histamine

1.2 Eosinofielen ® 1 - 3%
- parasitaire (cathepsine) - astma - allergische sympt

1.3 Basofielen ® <1%
- parasitaire (helminthen) - granule vrijzetting ® vasodilatatie ® aantrekking EF en lymf.
- allergische sympt. (@IgE)


1.4 Monocyten ® 2 - 12%
- differentiate ® macrofaag - APC

1.5 Macrofagen
- Inflammatoire: - Weefsel-residente
* APC * APC
* Fagocytose * self-renewal
* ° embryonaal

1.6 Dendritische cellen
- Opname Ag ® lymfevaten
1) Fagocytose 2) Receptor-gemed. endocyt 3) Pinocytose

1.7 Lymfoide cellen
- B-cellen - T-cellen - Innate lymfoid celles (ILD) = NK

1.8 Verschillende cellen herkennen in bloed?
- Flowcytometrie
* EW-expressie * Receptor merker
- CD 19 ® B - CD3 ® T
1.9 Mastcellen
- Pro-inflammatoire mediatoren = cytokines - monitor weefsel
- parasitair - allergische reactie

APC:
1) monocyten 2) macrofagen 3) dendritische cellen

2. De organen B-cel: humoraal T-cel: cellulair
2.1 Primaire lymfoïde organen
A. Thymus
- Cortico medullaire junctie (CMJ) - maturatie cortex ® medulla

B. Beenmerg
- Immature B&T-cel ® immature naïve B-cel

1

, 2.2 Secundaire lymfoïd organen / entiteiten
A. Lymfeknoop
- Cortex - Paracortex - Medulla
* B-follikels * T-lymf * As plasma cel
® B-lymf * DC * sterk vascul.
* Subcapsulaire sinus * Efferent
® MF en follicul. DC

- IN ® HEV: APC + Ag - UIT ® efferent

B. Lymfevaten
= eerste plaats checken van tumoren
- Dc. thoracicus / lymfaticus dexter ® v. subclavia
C. Milt
- Rode pulpa - Witte pulpa - Marginale zone
* sinusoide RBC * B-follik. * DC
* afgestorven RBC * PALS * MF
® T-cem * MZ B-cellen

D. Barrière organen
- MALT
- M-cellen Ag van lumen ® L. Propria @ DC
T-cel zone + B-follikels

2.3 Cytokines
- ontstekingsprocessen - immuunreacties
- Lokaal - Systemisch
* Autocrien * Endocrien
* Paracrien

I) IL - 1 II) Class 1: Hematopoietin
* IL-1α * IL-1Ra* IL-33 * IL-2 * IL-6 * IL-13
* IL-1ß * IL-18 * IL-4 * IL-7 *IL-23
® pro-infl. (+ koorts) * IL-5 * IL-12 * G(M)-CSF
® groei-factoren

III) Class 2: Interferon
* Type I INF * Type II INF * IL-10
° INF- α ° INF-γ ® anti-infl.
° INF-ß
® anti-viraal ® vernietig. intra-cel. path.

IV) Tumor necrosis factor family V) Interleukine -17 VI) Chemokines
* ° TNF- α *CD40L ® neutrofiel stimulerend * IL-8
* TNF-ß * Fas (CD95)

Linksverschuiving
- ↑ immature NF - cytokine secretie - Stress en cortisol
* stimulatie in BM door GM-CSF




2

,H3: AANGEBOREN IS BARRIERES, HERKENNING EN VERNIETIGING INDRINGERS

1. Barrières tegen pathogenen
- Lysosome - Lactoferrin - S100 (Psoriasin & Calprotecin)
* Anti-bac. * ↓ groei bact * identicatie infl. proces
° peptidoglycanen ° Binding Fe ° binding Mg en Zn
* Bact * Bac en fung +virus * Bac en fung

- Surfactant (SP-A & SP-D)
* Blokkade bact. surfactant
* Bac

2. Herkenning lichaamsvreemde moleculen aangeboren IS
- PRR = Pathogeen Profiling
1) aangeboren IS 2) Barrière 3) Vascul. endoth 4) Fibroblas en stroma cellen
® 6 familie's (CRANT + Cyclin CMP-AMP)
PAMP: Pathogen Associated Moleculaire Patterns DAMPS: Dammage Associated Moleculair Patterns


2.1 Toll-like receptoren (TLR)
- LLR: Leucine-Rich Repeats - TIR (Toll / IL-1 receptor)
* Binding met PAMPS * TLR3/3 of TLR2/1

1. Plasma-membraan gebonden TLR
* Parasieten * Bacteriën * Fungi

2. Endosomake/lysosomale membraan gebonden TLR
* Virus * Malaria * Sommige bact

- TLR - PAMPS binding
* HUB-ew * ® transcriptie
1) NK-κB 2) MAPK (AP1) 3) IRF3/7 1) IF genen
* Pro-inf 2) Cytokines
° IL-1 ° TNF-α 3) Chemok.
° IL-6 ° IF 4) anti-mic.
* Adaptoren voor signaal doorgave
° MyD88 ° TRIF



2.2 C-Type Lectine Receptoren (CLR)
- Carbohydraat/ suiker herkenning
1) Schimmels (dectin-1) 2) Virussen 3) Mycobacteriën 4) Parasieten

- * PLCδ & CARD
- ® * HUB-ew * ® transcriptie
1) NK-κB 2) MAPK 3) IRF-5 1) Interferon
* Pro-inf 2) Cytokines
° IL-1ß ° TNF ° IL-23 3) Chemokin
- Fagocytose!!! 4) Anti-micr.

- P van ITAM (Immuunreceptor Tyrosine-Based Activation Motif)

3

, 2.3 NOD-like receptoren (NLR)
- LRR domein ® intracellulair
- NOD

1) endosomaal membraan geass. 2) DiAminoPimelinezuur dipeptide ligand (bac. celwand)

- HUB-ew * ® transcriptie
1) NK-κB 2) MAPK 3) IRF-5 1) Interferon
* Pro-inf 2) Cytolines
3) Chemoki.
4) Anti-micr.
- Autofagosoom: bacterie + lysosoom

- NLR inflammasoom
* NLR P1/P3/C4 * ASC * Caspase
* Caspase 1
° pro IL-1ß en IL-18® actief
° gasdermine D ® Pyrotosis

2.4 AIM2-like receptors (ALRs)
- Lig: 1) cytosolisch bacterieel 2) Cytosolisch viraas dsDNA

2.5 RIG-I-like receptor familie (RLRs)
-Lig: 1) Cytosolisch viraas dsDNA

2.6 Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
- Lig: 1) cytosolisch bacterieel 2) Cytosolisch viraas dsDNA

3. Effectormechanismen voor opruiming
3.1 Expressie van aangeboren IS-ewitten
ØAnti-microbieel
- Defensins & cathelicidin (LL-37) ® °cytokines en degranulatie
* Epitheel
* NK
* NT

- Interferon α en ß ® (-) virus replicatie, ∆ transcriptoom
* Virus-geinfeceerde cellen
*Macrofagen (TLR)
* NK
*DC

- IFN - IFNAR1/2
1) PKR 2) 2'5' oligoadenylaat synth. 3) Mx proteïne 4) IFIT




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