PTA - Board Exam 2025 Questions and
Answers
diplopia - ANSWER✔✔-double vision
Iontophoresis - ANSWER✔✔-The process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin with
the use of electric current
Ultrasound frequency - ANSWER✔✔-• 1 MHz = 2-3 cm depth
• 3 MHz = 1-2 cm depth
Ultrasound Duty Cycle - ANSWER✔✔-goals: tissue temp= 100%, continuous
nonthermal= 20%, pulsed (The typical pulse ratios of pulse duration time to pulse rest time are 1:1
and 1:4) 5 to 10 mins
Ultrasound Intensity - ANSWER✔✔-Continuous (thermal) Normally set btw .5 to 2.0W/cm2
Pulse (nonthermal) .5 to 075W/cm2 w 20% duty cycle
ultrasound therapy - ANSWER✔✔-A deep heating modality using high-energy sound waves that is
most effective for heating tissues or deep joints and is performed by a physical therapist
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,the application of sound waves to a body area to increase circulation and flexibility as well as to
decrease pain and muscle spasms in that area
Rine test - ANSWER✔✔-bone/air conduction hearing
peroneal nerve - ANSWER✔✔-Motor: Foot Dorsiflexion, Inversion, Eversion
Muscle: Tib. Anterior, Toe Extensors, Peroneals
Sensory: Anterior Leg, Dorsum of Foot
Disorder: Fibular Head Fracture
orthosis - ANSWER✔✔-externally applied brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities
congestive heart failure (CHF) - ANSWER✔✔-the failure of the heart to pump efficiently, leading
to excessive blood or fluids in the lungs, and systemic circulation.
LDL (low density lipoprotein) - ANSWER✔✔-"bad" cholesterol
High ratio of lipid to protein
Contributes to cardiovascular disease
Normal 100 mg/dL
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) - ANSWER✔✔-good cholesterol
Normal, more than 60 mg/dL
Syme's amputation - ANSWER✔✔-surgical removal of the foot at the ankle joint with removal of
the malleoli
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,transtibial amputation - ANSWER✔✔-below knee amputation
prolonged hip and knee flexion should be avoided
residual limb would place the knee in extension
congenital limb deficiency - ANSWER✔✔-Failure of a limb formation or partial limb formation in
utero may lead to amputation
Ray resection amputation - ANSWER✔✔-removal of a toe and all or part of the corresponding
metatarsal
Valting gait - ANSWER✔✔-Heel elevating during stance in combination w knee and hip extension.
Raise the pelvis in order to to clear the contralateral limb during the swing phase
Antalgic gait - ANSWER✔✔-involved step length is decreased in order to avoid weight bearing due
to pain
trenderlenberg gait - ANSWER✔✔-drop of pelvis when lifting leg opposite to weak gluteus medius
O2 saturation (SaO2) - ANSWER✔✔-95-100%
Below 90% it may be a sign of hypoxia. If blood oxygen saturation levels fall to 88% or lower, seek
immediate medical attention,
Cardio Biomarkers - ANSWER✔✔-chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart
attack
Prothrombin Time (PT) - ANSWER✔✔-test of the ability of blood to clot
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Serum Electrolytes - ANSWER✔✔-To evaluate fluid and electrolyte status. sodium, potassium,
calcium and magnesium
serum cholesterol - ANSWER✔✔-Cholesterol found in blood
Heart Rate (HR) - ANSWER✔✔-Normal: 60-100 BPM
Less than 60: bradycardia
More than 100: tachycardia
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - ANSWER✔✔-chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune
inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body causing pn and swollen. can be
detected by blood test and XR
angina pectoris (chest pain) - ANSWER✔✔-When the supply of oxygen and nutrients in the blood
is insufficient to meet the demands of the heart, the heart muscle "aches"
Usually felt as an extreme tightness in the chest and heavy pressure behind the breastbone or in the
shoulder, neck, arm, hand, or back
exercise induced asthma - ANSWER✔✔-airway narrowing as a result of increased physical activity
Piriformis Syndrome - ANSWER✔✔-compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle
Bursitis - ANSWER✔✔-inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction
bursa - ANSWER✔✔-a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial
membrane that secretes synovial fluid
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Answers
diplopia - ANSWER✔✔-double vision
Iontophoresis - ANSWER✔✔-The process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin with
the use of electric current
Ultrasound frequency - ANSWER✔✔-• 1 MHz = 2-3 cm depth
• 3 MHz = 1-2 cm depth
Ultrasound Duty Cycle - ANSWER✔✔-goals: tissue temp= 100%, continuous
nonthermal= 20%, pulsed (The typical pulse ratios of pulse duration time to pulse rest time are 1:1
and 1:4) 5 to 10 mins
Ultrasound Intensity - ANSWER✔✔-Continuous (thermal) Normally set btw .5 to 2.0W/cm2
Pulse (nonthermal) .5 to 075W/cm2 w 20% duty cycle
ultrasound therapy - ANSWER✔✔-A deep heating modality using high-energy sound waves that is
most effective for heating tissues or deep joints and is performed by a physical therapist
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,the application of sound waves to a body area to increase circulation and flexibility as well as to
decrease pain and muscle spasms in that area
Rine test - ANSWER✔✔-bone/air conduction hearing
peroneal nerve - ANSWER✔✔-Motor: Foot Dorsiflexion, Inversion, Eversion
Muscle: Tib. Anterior, Toe Extensors, Peroneals
Sensory: Anterior Leg, Dorsum of Foot
Disorder: Fibular Head Fracture
orthosis - ANSWER✔✔-externally applied brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities
congestive heart failure (CHF) - ANSWER✔✔-the failure of the heart to pump efficiently, leading
to excessive blood or fluids in the lungs, and systemic circulation.
LDL (low density lipoprotein) - ANSWER✔✔-"bad" cholesterol
High ratio of lipid to protein
Contributes to cardiovascular disease
Normal 100 mg/dL
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) - ANSWER✔✔-good cholesterol
Normal, more than 60 mg/dL
Syme's amputation - ANSWER✔✔-surgical removal of the foot at the ankle joint with removal of
the malleoli
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,transtibial amputation - ANSWER✔✔-below knee amputation
prolonged hip and knee flexion should be avoided
residual limb would place the knee in extension
congenital limb deficiency - ANSWER✔✔-Failure of a limb formation or partial limb formation in
utero may lead to amputation
Ray resection amputation - ANSWER✔✔-removal of a toe and all or part of the corresponding
metatarsal
Valting gait - ANSWER✔✔-Heel elevating during stance in combination w knee and hip extension.
Raise the pelvis in order to to clear the contralateral limb during the swing phase
Antalgic gait - ANSWER✔✔-involved step length is decreased in order to avoid weight bearing due
to pain
trenderlenberg gait - ANSWER✔✔-drop of pelvis when lifting leg opposite to weak gluteus medius
O2 saturation (SaO2) - ANSWER✔✔-95-100%
Below 90% it may be a sign of hypoxia. If blood oxygen saturation levels fall to 88% or lower, seek
immediate medical attention,
Cardio Biomarkers - ANSWER✔✔-chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart
attack
Prothrombin Time (PT) - ANSWER✔✔-test of the ability of blood to clot
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Serum Electrolytes - ANSWER✔✔-To evaluate fluid and electrolyte status. sodium, potassium,
calcium and magnesium
serum cholesterol - ANSWER✔✔-Cholesterol found in blood
Heart Rate (HR) - ANSWER✔✔-Normal: 60-100 BPM
Less than 60: bradycardia
More than 100: tachycardia
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - ANSWER✔✔-chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune
inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body causing pn and swollen. can be
detected by blood test and XR
angina pectoris (chest pain) - ANSWER✔✔-When the supply of oxygen and nutrients in the blood
is insufficient to meet the demands of the heart, the heart muscle "aches"
Usually felt as an extreme tightness in the chest and heavy pressure behind the breastbone or in the
shoulder, neck, arm, hand, or back
exercise induced asthma - ANSWER✔✔-airway narrowing as a result of increased physical activity
Piriformis Syndrome - ANSWER✔✔-compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle
Bursitis - ANSWER✔✔-inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction
bursa - ANSWER✔✔-a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial
membrane that secretes synovial fluid
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
